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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons reduce...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein01:42

The ADP/ATP Carrier Protein

ADP/ATP carrier or AAC protein is the most abundant carrier protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transports large quantities of ADP and ATP, equivalent to the average human body weight, every day. Among other transporters, ACC protein is one of the best-studied members of the mitochondrial carrier protein family. The ADP/ATP carrier protein comprises two transmembrane helices connected to a loop and a single alpha-helix on the matrix side. It switches between two conformational...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides
07:26

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

Published on: November 21, 2013

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ペプチド配列によってプログラムされた、超分子自己集合による圧電応答

Xuejiao Yang1, Shuaijie Liu2, Honglei Lu3

  • 1Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

短いペプチドは、安定した高性能圧電結晶を作成します。これらの合成生体材料は高い圧電係数を示し、高度な電子デバイスの効率的なエネルギー変換を可能にします。

キーワード:
結晶ペプチド圧電性発電自己集合

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 生体材料工学
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 圧電性は、高度なデバイスに不可欠な、機械的エネルギーから電気的エネルギーへの変換を可能にします。
  • 天然の生体材料は圧電特性が限られているため、合成代替品の必要性が高まっています。
  • 短いペプチドは、圧電材料の調整可能で生体適合性があり、容易に合成可能な選択肢を提供します。

研究 の 目的:

  • 疎水性トリペプチドを用いた安定な圧電結晶のエンジニアリング。
  • ペプチドベース結晶の圧電特性と分子パッキングの調査。
  • 高性能ナノジェネレータにおけるペプチド結晶の可能性の実証。

主な方法:

  • フェニルアラニンを中央に配置した疎水性トリペプチド結晶の作製。
  • 圧電係数を測定するための圧電応答力顕微鏡（PFM）を用いた特性評価。
  • マイクロ結晶電子回折（MicroED）および密度汎関数理論（DFT）を用いた構造解析。

主要な成果:

  • 自己集合した、均一で熱的に安定なトリペプチド結晶を製造しました。
  • 非対称な分子パッキングにより、24.0 pC N-1という高い有効圧電係数を達成しました。
  • ペプチド結晶ベースのナノジェネレータは、水性環境で2.57 Vという記録的な開放電圧を示しました。

結論:

  • 疎水性トリペプチドは、高性能圧電材料にエンジニアリングできます。
  • ペプチド結晶における非対称な分子パッキングが、圧電性の向上に不可欠です。
  • これらの発見は、高度なペプチドベースの圧電デバイスおよびエネルギーハーベスティングアプリケーションへの道を開きます。