トウモロコシの穂軸と赤泥から作られたリサイクル可能な磁性バイオ炭による染料および重金属を含む複合汚染物質の処理

The treatment of wastewater co-contaminated with organic dyes and heavy metals remains challenging due to competitive adsorption. Herein, a magnetic multifunctional biochar (MMBC-400) was synthesized from corn cobs and red mud for the simultaneous removal of malachite green (MG) and Pb²⁺. In single systems, MMBC-400 exhibited high adsorption capacities (794.72 mg/g for MG and 129 mg/g for Pb²⁺). Crucially, in a binary system with 500 mg/L MG, it maintained high removal efficiencies (98.4% for MG and 93.8% for Pb²⁺), demonstrating exceptional anti-interference capability. Characterization revealed that site-specific adsorption mechanisms (π-π interactions for MG on the carbon matrix; complexation for Pb²⁺ on red mud components) led to minimal competition. Furthermore, MMBC-400 showed excellent regenerability, retaining over 85% removal after five cycles. This work presents a cost-effective and sustainable strategy for designing adsorbents for complex wastewater remediation.