気候変動は生息地の特化と局所的な絶滅を引き起こし、固有のシマリスのニッチを縮小させる
Hailey N Jacobson1, Jennifer K Frey1
1Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States.
Journal of mammalogy
|December 17, 2025
まとめ
気候変動は、Organ Mountains Colorado Chipmunkの広範な絶滅を引き起こしており、範囲が大幅に縮小しています。この固有の哺乳類は現在、より涼しく湿った避難所にのみ生息しており、その脆弱性が強調されています。
科学分野:
- 生態学
- 気候変動生物学
- 保全生物学
背景:
- 気候変動は、特に固有種にとって、種の絶滅の重要な要因です。
- ニッチ縮小仮説は、環境的脅威によって種の実現されたニッチがどのように縮小するかを説明しています。
研究 の 目的:
- Organ Mountains Colorado Chipmunk (Neotamias quadrivittatus australis) の絶滅の範囲と原因を評価すること。
- 気候変動に対応して、この固有の哺乳類の現代の分布と実現されたニッチを評価すること。
主な方法:
- 種の分布を分析するために、歴史的なサイトとランダムなサイトに対して占有モデルを利用しました。
- 範囲シフトと絶滅パターンを特定するために、歴史的なニッチデータを現代の分布と比較しました。
主要な成果:
- Organ Mountains Colorado Chipmunkは、歴史的な生息地の64%で絶滅しました。
- 過去30年間で、標高の下限範囲が262m大幅に縮小しました。
- より涼しく湿った排水路での生息が確認された一方、より暑く乾燥したコミュニティでは絶滅しました。
結論:
- このシマリスの実現されたニッチは縮小し、針葉樹林を回避しています。
- この種は機能的な生息地の専門家となり、気候変動の避難所に限定されています。
- この制限により、Organ Mountains Colorado Chipmunkは気候変動やその他の脅威に対して脆弱になります。
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