現在の状況における周産期意思決定における法的および倫理的課題
Elizabeth Tobin-Tyler1, Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds2,3, Erika Rose Cheng2
1Health Services, Policy and Practice, https://ror.org/05gq02987Brown University School of Public Health, United States.
まとめ
周産期出産(妊娠20~25週)の医療上の意思決定は複雑である。現在の法律は生命を優先するが、多様な家族や親の自律性、特にドブス判決後は軽視されている。
科学分野:
- 新生児医学
- 医療倫理
- 医療法
背景:
- 周産期出産(妊娠20~25週)は、生存と罹患率に重大な課題をもたらす。
- これらの乳児の医療上の意思決定には、複雑な倫理的および法的考慮事項が含まれる。
- 既存の法的枠組みは、進化する家族構造と親の自律性に対処するのに苦労している。
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の周産期乳児の親の意思決定における倫理的および法的状況を概説すること。
- 現在の法律とドブス判決後の環境がこれらの意思決定に与える影響を分析すること。
- 患者中心のケアを支援する法的改革を提唱すること。
主な方法:
- 周産期出産と親の権利に関する連邦および州法をレビューする。
- 倫理原則(生命の神聖さ対生命の質)を分析する。
- 人工妊娠中絶禁止を含む最近の法的変更の影響を調べる。
主要な成果:
- 現在の法律は、生命の質よりも生命の維持を優先する生命尊重主義的なアプローチをしばしば採用している。
- 法律は非伝統的な家族構造に不 adequately に対処しており、意思決定を複雑にしている。
- ドブス判決後の人工妊娠中絶禁止は、親と臨床医の自律性をさらに制限している。
結論:
- 法的親の包括的な定義を含めるために、立法改革が必要である。
- 法的枠組みは、自律性を尊重しながら、周産期出産の複雑さに対応する必要がある。
- エビデンスに基づいた患者中心の意思決定には、更新された法的および倫理的支援が必要である。
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