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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.2K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.2K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

7.8K
7.8K
Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

1.3K
Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
1.3K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.0K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.6K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.6K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

6.6K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
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真核生物翻訳開始因子4F：機能的特性と生理学的役割

Ekaterina Shuvalova1, Walaa Al Sheikh1,2, Alexey Shuvalov1

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.

Nucleic acids research
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

真核生物翻訳開始因子4F（eIF4F）複合体は、タンパク質翻訳開始に不可欠である。本レビューでは、eIF4Fについて

キーワード:
真核生物翻訳開始因子4Fタンパク質翻訳細胞異常グローバル細胞調節因子

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Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions
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Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 細胞生物学
  • 生化学

背景:

  • 翻訳開始は高度に調節されたプロセスである。
  • 真核生物翻訳開始因子4F（eIF4F）複合体は、この調節において重要な役割を果たしている。
  • eIF4Fは、eIF4E、eIF4A、およびeIF4Gサブユニットから構成される。

研究 の 目的:

  • 翻訳におけるeIF4Fの役割をレビューする。
  • 様々な細胞条件下での調節機能について論じる。
  • そのメカニズム的寄与に関する未解決の疑問点を強調する。

主な方法:

  • eIF4Fに関する既存の研究の文献レビュー。
  • eIF4Fの構造と機能の分析。
  • 細胞調節へのeIF4Fの関与の検討。

主要な成果:

  • eIF4Fは、厳密に調節された翻訳開始の中心である。
  • eIF4Fの調節不全は、数多くの生理学的異常に関連している。
  • 最近の研究では、eIF4Fがグローバルな細胞調節因子として位置づけられている。

結論:

  • eIF4Fは、細胞機能と翻訳制御に不可欠である。
  • eIF4Fのメカニズム的役割を完全に理解するには、さらなる研究が必要である。
  • eIF4Fの機能は、翻訳開始を超えて広がり、グローバルな細胞調節に影響を与える。