高齢者の2型糖尿病における日内コルチゾールサイクルと認知機能
Lorena Vallejo1, Mariola Zapater-Fajarí2, Teresa Montoliu1
1Laboratory of Cognitive Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
|December 17, 2025
まとめ
高齢者の2型糖尿病(T2D)患者は、対照群と比較して、特に記憶および実行機能において認知機能障害を示した。しかし、視床下部-下垂体-副腎(HPA)軸のコルチゾールパターンはこの違いを説明するものではなかった。
科学分野:
- 内分泌学
- 神経科学
- 老年医学
背景:
- 2型糖尿病(T2D)は、高齢者における視床下部-下垂体-副腎(HPA)軸の調節不全および認知機能障害と関連している。
- T2D集団における認知機能障害に対するHPA軸機能の特定の役割は、十分に研究されていない。
研究 の 目的:
- T2Dを有する高齢者と健常対照群の日内コルチゾールパターンと認知パフォーマンスを比較すること。
- コルチゾール指標(コルチゾール覚醒反応[CAR]および日内コルチゾールスロープ[DCS])と認知機能(陳述記憶[DM]、ワーキングメモリ[WM]、実行機能[EF])との関連を調査すること。
主な方法:
- 51人のT2D患者と51人の健常対照群を認知テストおよびベックうつ病質問票(BDI-II)で比較した。
- 2つの平日の1日4回の唾液サンプルを用いてCARおよびDCSを評価した。
- うつ病を調整因子とする群間比較およびモデレーション分析を実施した。
主要な成果:
- T2D患者は対照群と比較してDMおよびWMにおいて低いパフォーマンスを示した。
- CARまたはDCSにおいてT2D群と対照群の間に有意差は見られなかった。
- コルチゾール指標は認知パフォーマンスとの関連が限定的であり、一部の相関はうつ病の特定のレベルでのみ、全サンプルで観察された。
結論:
- 医学的治療を受けているT2D患者は認知機能障害を示すが、HPA軸のコルチゾールパターンは主要な要因ではないようである。
- T2D高齢者の認知機能に影響を与える他のメカニズムとうつ病の役割をさらに調査する必要がある。
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