過去10万年におけるヒトの口腔の進化
Rosa Herbst1, Anan Ibrahim1, Alexander Hübner2,3
1Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology─Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 17, 2025
まとめ
研究者は古代の口腔微生物を研究し 新しい抗菌ペプチド (AMP) またはバクテリオシンを発見し 保存されたアクティフェンシンが 将来の治療のために10万年以上にわたって活動し続けることを明らかにしました
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 進化生物学
- バイオテクノロジー
背景:
- 経口微生物群の安定性により,微生物の相互作用の進化分析が可能です.
- 抗菌ペプチド (AMP) またはバクテリオシンは 種間の競争に不可欠です
- 古代の口腔生物フィルムを 進化論の研究のために保存しています
研究 の 目的:
- 古代と現代の口腔バイオフィルムにおけるAMPの多様性と進化の軌道を調査する.
- 保存されたAMPファミリーを特定し,その生態学的機能を10万年以上にわたって解明する.
- 進化の洞察を活用して 自然製品の発見と 次世代の治療法を作ります
主な方法:
- 古代と近代の歯科微積分のメタゲノミックシーケンス
- 特定された抗菌ペプチドの構造モデリング.
- ペプチドの機能と抗菌作用の実験的検証
- 進化の歴史を再構築するための 系統遺伝分析
主要な成果:
- アクティノミセス由来のアチフェンシンのようなペプチドの保存された家族を特定し,アクティフェンシンと呼ばれ,すべてのサンプルの時間帯に存在します.
- 古代 (古) と現代 (現代) のアクティフェンシンとの共通の祖先と適応的多様化が示されている.
- アクティフェンシンにおける ポジティブ・セレクションと 進化の過程で維持された 抗菌性の証拠を提供した.
結論:
- 口腔の微生物群は 治療的な可能性を持つ 新しい天然製品の発見のための 豊富な貯蔵庫です
- AMPの機能に関する進化的洞察は,抗菌剤耐性に対抗するための次世代の治療法の開発を導くことができます.
- AMPcombiプラットフォームは 古代生物分子と バイオテクノロジーの応用を 効果的に結びつけています
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