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関連する概念動画

Hess's Law03:40

Hess's Law

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There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
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Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

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Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
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The Water Cycle01:00

The Water Cycle

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The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

129.6K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

13.0K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Escape Velocities of Gases01:19

Escape Velocities of Gases

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To escape the Earth's gravity, an object near the top of the atmosphere at an altitude of 100 km must travel away from Earth at 11.1 km/s. This speed is called the escape velocity. The temperature at which gas molecules attain the rms speed, which is equal to the escape velocity, can be estimated by using the equation for the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. According to the kinetic theory of gas, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is proportional to its...
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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

20.2K

世界水素予算

Zutao Ouyang1,2, Robert B Jackson3,4,5, Marielle Saunois6

  • 1Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Nature
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

水素 (H2) は脱炭素化に不可欠ですが,気候にも影響があります. この研究では,H2源,シンク,およびその温暖化効果を定量化し,2010年から2020年にかけての0.02°C上昇を示しています.

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

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科学分野:

  • 大気化学と気候科学
  • 環境科学と持続可能性
  • エネルギー政策と気候変動緩和

背景:

  • 水素 (H2) は,脱炭素化のための重要なエネルギーキャリアとして提案されています.
  • しかし,H2の間接的な地球温暖化の可能性は,その大気相互作用の徹底的な理解を必要とします.
  • H2経済が拡大する気候への影響について懸念があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 1990年から2020年までの世界のH2源と沈殿地を分析する.
  • 2010年から2020年までの10年間のための包括的なH2予算を構成する.
  • 大気中のH2の上昇が地球表面の気温に与える影響を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 世界のH2源と沈殿地の動向を分析した.
  • 2010年から2020年までの半期の詳細な予算の作成
  • 大気中のH2増加に起因するGSATの変化の推定.

主要な成果:

  • 世界的なH2源とシンクは,メタンの酸化,VOC,窒素の固定,およびH2生産の漏れによって増加しました.
  • 2010年から2020年にかけての推定平均H2源とシンクは,それぞれ69.9 ± 9.4 Tg yr−1と68.4 ± 18.1 Tg yr−1であった.
  • 2010年から2020年の間に大気中のH2が上昇し,GSATは0.02±0.006 °C上昇した.

結論:

  • 将来の水素経済に伴う環境リスクの管理には,包括的な水素予算が不可欠です.
  • 地域分析では,アフリカと南米が主要なH2源/シンクハブであり,東アジアと北米は化石燃料の排出量でリードしています.
  • 将来のGSATの影響は控えめ (0.01-0.05 °C) であり続けるが,H2の使用,漏れ,メタン排出量に依存する.