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Analysis Methods of Pharmacokinetic Data: Model and Model-Independent Approaches01:14

Analysis Methods of Pharmacokinetic Data: Model and Model-Independent Approaches

Drug disposition in the body is a complex process and can be studied using two major approaches: the model and the model-independent approaches.
The model approach uses mathematical models to describe changes in drug concentration over time. Pharmacokinetic models help characterize drug behavior in patients, predict drug concentration in the body fluids, calculate optimum dosage regimens, and evaluate the risk of toxicity. However, ensuring that the model fits the experimental data accurately...
Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models

Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least squares (OLS)...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...

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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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手術病理報告からの構造化データ抽出におけるコンセンサスベースの推論と大規模言語モデルの使用

Aakash Tripathi1, Asim Waqas2, Kavya Venkatesan1

  • 1Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.

Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology
|December 18, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

複数の大規模言語モデル(LLM)を使用した新しいフレームワークは、病理報告からがんデータを正確に抽出します。このアプローチは、がんのステージングと治療計画のためのデータ分析を改善します。

キーワード:
がん登録抽出大規模言語モデル(LLM)自然言語処理(NLP)推論手術病理報告

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科学分野:

  • 医療情報学
  • 計算病理学
  • 医療における人工知能

背景:

  • 手術病理報告書には重要な癌診断情報が含まれていますが、形式やスタイルが大きく異なります。
  • これらの報告書の構造化されていない性質は、大規模分析のための自動データ抽出を妨げます。
  • 腫瘍タイプや施設間でのばらつきは、一貫したデータ検索に大きな課題をもたらします。

研究 の 目的:

  • 病理報告からの標準診断変数およびバイオマーカー抽出のためのコンセンサス駆動型推論ベースフレームワークを開発すること。
  • 正確で信頼性の高いデータ抽出のために、ローカル展開された大規模言語モデル(LLM)を適応させること。
  • 多様な臓器系およびがん種にわたるフレームワークのパフォーマンスを評価すること。

主な方法:

  • 診断変数(部位、組織学、病期、グレード、挙動)およびバイオマーカーを抽出するために、複数のローカル展開された大規模言語モデル(LLM)を利用しました。
  • LLMによって生成された出力の精度と一貫性を評価するために、3つの別個の推論モデルを採用しました。
  • 最終的なコンセンサス値を決定するために出力を集計し、認定病理医による専門家による検証を実施しました。

主要な成果:

  • フレームワークは、6,100件を超えるTCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)報告書(平均84.9%±7.3%)および510件のモフィットがんセンター報告書(平均88.2%±7.2%)から標準変数を抽出する際に高い精度を達成しました。
  • 組織学、部位、挙動は最も高い抽出精度を示し、専門家によるレビューは主要変数全体で強い一致を確認しました。
  • バイオマーカー抽出は全体で70.6%±7.9%の精度を達成し、特定のバイオマーカーは関連する腫瘍タイプで高いパフォーマンスを示しました。

結論:

  • コンセンサスベースのフレームワーク内でのローカル展開LLMは、病理データ抽出のための透明で正確かつ監査可能なソリューションを提供します。
  • このフレームワークは、同型報告や癌登録抽出などの実際のワークフローへの統合の可能性を示しています。
  • 多評価者コンセンサスを備えた層別化されたマルチ臓器評価フレームワークは、臨床アプリケーションにおけるLLMのベンチマークに不可欠です。