人工知能による新規精神作用物質の特定:AIによる課題解決
David S Wishart1,2,3,4, Prashanthi Kovur1, Yamilé López-Hernández1,5
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Therapeutic drug monitoring
|December 19, 2025
まとめ
人工知能(AI)は、構造とスペクトルを予測することにより、新規精神作用物質(NPS)の同定を支援し、法医学毒性学を改善します。この技術は同定プロセスを加速し、新たなNPSの脅威に対する公衆衛生対応を強化します。
科学分野:
- 法医学毒性学
- 計算化学
- 薬物監視
背景:
- 新規精神作用物質(NPS)は、法医学、医療、規制システムに課題をもたらします。
- 従来の分析方法は、参照標準物質の欠如により、新たに合成されたNPSの同定に苦労しています。
- 人工知能(AI)と機械学習は、NPSの同定と特性評価のための潜在的なソリューションを提供します。
研究 の 目的:
- NPS同定の課題に対処するためのAIと機械学習の応用のレビュー。
- NPS分析のための法医学ワークフローに統合されたAIベースのアプローチの探求。
- 法医学毒性学に関連する新たなAI技術の検討。
主な方法:
- 深層学習、化学言語モデル、スペクトル予測ツールを含む、現在の法医学ワークフローとAI統合のレビュー。
- 妥当なNPS構造とin silico MS/MSスペクトルの生成のためのDarkNPSフレームワークに重点を置く。
- トランスフォーマー、グラフニューラルネットワーク、マルチモーダルフレームワークなどの新たなAI技術の検討。
主要な成果:
- AIシステムは、物理的標準物質なしでの構造生成とスペクトル予測を可能にすることにより、NPS同定の時間とリソースを大幅に削減します。
- DarkNPSモデルは、890万以上の妥当なNPS構造を予測し、将来のNPSの90%以上を予測しました。
- AI生成のin silico MS/MSスペクトルライブラリは、実験スペクトルと高い類似性を達成し、75%〜90%のケースで同定を可能にしました。
結論:
- AIと分析化学の統合は、NPS同定の速度、範囲、精度、および有用性を向上させます。
- AIは、法医学毒性学と新たなNPSの脅威に対する化学的監視における有望な進歩を表します。
- AI駆動の同定は、正確な診断、適時の治療、および改善された公衆衛生対応を促進します。
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