ドイツにおける身体活動と身体活動促進の概観
Sven Messing1,2, Leonie Birkholz2, Julian Resch2
1University of Limerick, Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Limerick, Ireland.
Journal of health monitoring
|December 19, 2025
まとめ
ドイツにおける身体活動促進は、多くの取り組みで効果が証明されていないという課題に直面している。成功したプログラムの拡大と日常的な実践の評価が、公衆衛生成果の改善の鍵となる。
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生; 健康増進; 行動科学
背景:
- ドイツの人口のかなりの割合が不活動であり、それが健康および経済への悪影響につながっている。; 様々な設定や分野にわたる身体活動行動と促進戦略の体系的な概観は乏しい。
研究 の 目的:
- ドイツにおける身体活動行動と促進の実践を分析すること。; 効果的な(グッドプラクティス)イニシアチブと大規模な(日常的な実践)イニシアチブを区別すること。
主な方法:
- ドイツにおける身体活動促進に関する4つの政策ブリーフ(2022-2024年)の分析。; 身体活動行動データと促進実践の混合手法分析の二次分析。; イニシアチブを「グッドプラクティス」(証明された有効性)と「日常的な実践」(大規模プログラム)に分類すること。
主要な成果:
- 高齢者、女性、社会経済的に不利な立場にあるグループ、非伝染性疾患を持つ人々において、身体活動レベルが低いことが観察された。; 88の日常的な実践策のうち効果があったのはわずか11%であったのに対し、43のグッドプラクティスプロジェクトは有効性を示した。; グッドプラクティスプロジェクトは、日常的な実践(リーチ25%、期間9%)よりもリーチ(12%)と期間(33%)が短かった。
結論:
- 身体活動の促進には、分野横断的な協力とより強力な構造的支援が必要である。; 効果的な「グッドプラクティス」プログラムのリーチを拡大し、「日常的な実践」の有効性を体系的に評価することが、集団レベルでの影響にとって重要である。; 身体活動促進のための国家コンピテンスセンターの設立は、これらの目標を進めるための重要な機会を提供する。
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