高齢者の救急外来における限界的処遇と共同意思決定:前向きコホート研究
Adrian D Haimovich1, Anita Chary2, Laura Burke1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
まとめ
救急外来(ED)を受診した高齢者の6人に1人が限界的な処遇決定を受けていた。これらの患者は、転帰を最適化するために、共同意思決定と代替ケア経路から恩恵を受ける可能性がある。
科学分野:
- 老年救急医学
- 医療サービス研究
- 臨床的意思決定
背景:
- 高齢者の救急外来での処遇決定は複雑であり、しばしば不確実である。
- これらの決定に関する救急医のリアルタイムの視点は、ほとんど研究されていない。
研究 の 目的:
- 高齢者における入院の必要性を救急医が認識したことに基づいて、患者の転帰を評価すること。
- 医師が認識した高齢者の救急外来での処遇のうち、限界的なものを特定すること。
主な方法:
- ボストン地域のアカデミックな三次ケア救急外来における65歳以上の患者を対象とした前向きコホート研究。
- 医師は5段階のリッカート尺度を使用して、入院の必要性を評価した(2〜4を限界的とみなした)。
- 主要転帰:救急外来での処遇。副次的転帰:入院期間(LOS)、7日以内の救急外来再来院、30日死亡率。
主要な成果:
- 高齢者の処遇の18.2%が限界的であると特定された。
- 限界的な処遇は、ワークアップ時間の延長と関連していたが、入院期間の短縮と早期退院率の上昇とも関連していた。
- 限界的な退院は、非限界的な退院と比較して、7日以内の再来院が少なかった。
結論:
- 高齢者の救急外来での処遇の約6分の1が限界的であると判断された。
- これらの限界的なケースは、共同意思決定と代替ケア経路の機会を表す。
- 医師は、限界的なケースにおいて、リスクよりも入院のメリットについてより多く議論した。
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