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ペルム紀の爬虫類祖先に高周波聴覚が存在した証拠
Kelsey M Jenkins1, Rachel C Fleming2, Juan D Daza3
1Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. jenkinskel@si.edu.
Nature communications
|December 19, 2025
まとめ
爬虫類の高周波聴覚は、以前考えられていたよりも早期に進化しました。生物力学的分析により、ペルム紀の爬虫類祖先であるヤウインニア・カペンシスは鼓膜を持ち、高周波を聞くことができた可能性が高く、この能力が爬虫類の共通祖先に由来することを示唆しています。
科学分野:
- 古生物学
- 進化生物学
- 生体音響学
背景:
- 爬虫類の聴覚の進化史は不明瞭なままであり、以前の仮説では異なる系統で鼓膜聴覚が独立して進化したことが示唆されていました。
- 初期の爬虫類の高周波を聞く能力を裏付ける定量的証拠が不足しています。
研究 の 目的:
- 機能的および形態測定学的分析を用いて、爬虫類祖先の聴覚の進化史を調査すること。
- 爬虫類祖先ヤウインニア・カペンシスの聴覚能力とその初期爬虫類の聴覚への影響を判断すること。
主な方法:
- 化石データを含む、爬虫類の鐙骨の機能的および形態測定学的分析。
- 鐙骨の変位を評価するための調和応答分析。
- 鼓膜の存在を予測するための柔軟な判別分析。
主要な成果:
- ヤウインニア・カペンシスの鐙骨は、鼓膜を持つ有鱗類に匹敵する近遠位変位を示しました。
- Y. capensisは鼓膜を持つと予測され、初期に分岐した爬虫類祖先は低周波骨導聴覚を持つと分類されました。
- 輪状靭帯、細い鐙骨、鼓膜の進化が聴覚を促進しました。
結論:
- 比較的高い周波数の聴覚は、爬虫類の共通祖先に存在した可能性が高い。
- この能力はペルム紀後期までに起源し、初期爬虫類の聴覚進化に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱えています。
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