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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

意識の「風景」が神経学と神経科学にとって何を意味するか

Robert Lawrence Kuhn¹

¹Closer To Truth (TV & web - www.closertotruth.com), New York, NY, 10028-1031, USA. rlkuhn@icloud.com.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports

|December 20, 2025

要旨

Purpose Of Review:

To gather (almost) all (reasonable) theories of phenomenal consciousness, describe them neutrally (largely in the words of their authors), and organize them in a comprehensive, cross-disciplinary taxonomy of categories-"Landscape of Consciousness." Perhaps the process can encourage novel ways of thinking among medical (psychiatry/neurology) practitioners and neuroscientists.

Recent Findings:

Landscape organizes more than 350 explanations of phenomenal consciousness across physicalist and non-physicalist traditions. There are 10 primary categories: Materialism. Non-Reductive Physicalism. Quantum & Dimensions. Information. Panpsychisms. Monisms. Dualisms. Idealisms. Anomalous & Altered States.

Challenge:

Materialism, with the largest number of theories by far, has 12 subcategories: Philosophical. Eliminative/Illusionism. Neurobiological. Electromagnetic Field. Computational & Functionalism. Homeostatic & Affective. Embodied & Enactive. Relational. First-order. Higher-order. Language. Phylogenetic/Evolutionary. Representative theories are here summarized as (non-exhaustive) examples. The Landscape of Consciousness is a work-in-process-permanently. Two central theses: (i) understanding phenomenal consciousness at this point should not be restricted to selected ways of thinking or constrained by approved modes of knowing, but should rather seek expansive yet rational diversity, and (ii) issues of sentience, such as AI consciousness, virtual immortality, meaning/purpose, free will, life after death, etc., cannot be understood except in the light of particular theories of consciousness. Implications for psychiatry/neurology and neuroscience may be considered.

キーワード:

意識同一理論唯物論神経生物学心の哲学意識の理論

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