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関連する概念動画

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

714
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
714
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

408
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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第二言語の語彙学習:学習モード、テストモード、品詞の相互作用

Paula Janjić1, John P Spencer1, Kenny R Coventry1

  • 1University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.

Cognition
|December 20, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

第二言語(L2)語彙学習の効果は、学習方法とテスト方法を単語の種類に合わせることによって決まる。テキストベースのテストは動詞と前置詞に特に有益であり、L2習得のためのハイブリッド言語モデルを支持する。

キーワード:
絵カード学習第二言語学習テスト方法の効果テキストベース学習語彙習得品詞の効果

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科学分野:

  • 認知心理学
  • 第二言語習得
  • 教育工学

背景:

  • 第二言語(L2)語彙学習の理論的説明は、意味が非言語的経験に根ざしているか、分布パターンに根ざしているかによって異なります。
  • L2語彙学習における感覚運動および言語プロセスに関する既存の研究では、一貫性のない結果が得られています。
  • 以前の研究では、学習とテストにおける単語の特性やモードの一致などの調整変数がしばしば見過ごされていました。

研究 の 目的:

  • 第二言語(L2)語彙習得における学習モード、テストモード、品詞、および翻訳的曖昧さの間の相互作用を体系的に調査すること。
  • 絵ベースまたはテキストベースの学習と異なるテストモードが、さまざまな単語タイプの学習にどのように影響するかを調べること。
  • テストモードと特定の単語クラスの整合性を考慮したL2語彙学習の改良モデルを開発すること。

主な方法:

  • 320人の成人参加者による2つの実験を実施しました。
  • 絵ベースおよびテキストベースの学習モードの効果を調査しました。
  • L2語彙学習に対する異なるテストモードと品詞の影響を調査しました。

主要な成果:

  • 学習モードの効果は一様ではなく、テストモードと相互作用しました。
  • テストモードと品詞の間で有意な相互作用が観察されました。
  • テキストベースのテストは、動詞と前置詞の学習に特に有益であることが証明されました。

結論:

  • 異なる品詞は、異なる認知プロセスとグルーディングメカニズムを関与させます。
  • 調査結果は、具現化された(感覚運動)および分布的(言語的)視点を統合することにより、ハイブリッド言語モデルを支持します。
  • テストモードと品詞の一致を強調するL2語彙学習モデルは、教育戦略とデジタル学習ツールを強化できます。