自閉スペクトラム症における宿主-微生物相互作用の変化を駆動する微生物ゲノム変異の統合的マルチオミクス解析
Wanning Chen1, Xinjun Wang2, Ruixin Zhu3
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translation Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, P.R. China.
Cell reports. Medicine
|December 20, 2025
まとめ
腸内細菌叢のゲノム変異は自閉スペクトラム症(ASD)と関連しています。1,100人以上の子どもたちの遺伝的差異と代謝物を解析することで、ASDの新たな診断洞察が得られます。
科学分野:
- マイクロバイオーム研究
- ゲノミクス
- 神経発達障害
背景:
- 腸内細菌叢は自閉スペクトラム症(ASD)とますます関連付けられています。
- しかし、ASDの病因における微生物ゲノム変異の特定の役割はよく理解されていません。
研究 の 目的:
- 微生物ゲノム変異とそのASDとの関連を特徴づけること。
- 微生物変異、代謝物、ASD表現型の間の相互作用を探求すること。
- ASDにおける微生物学的特徴の診断可能性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 1,100人以上の子どもたちからメタゲノムおよびメタボロームの大規模データセットを生成し、公開データを統合しました。
- 差次的に存在する種、遺伝子、経路、代謝物、および様々な種類の微生物ゲノム変異(SNV、インデル、SV)を同定しました。
- 媒介分析や診断モデル開発を含む、微生物変異と代謝物の統合分析を実施しました。
主要な成果:
- ASDに関連する微生物種、遺伝子、経路、代謝物、ゲノム変異に有意な違いを同定しました。
- 存在量に違いはないが、有意な配列変異を持つ微生物種と酵素を発見しました。
- 微生物変異と代謝物の間に多数の神経学的関連を発見し、代謝物がASDへの関連を媒介していました。
- 微生物変異と代謝物を組み込んだ診断モデルは、優れた性能を示しました。
結論:
- 微生物ゲノム変異は、ASD関連の腸内ディスバイオシスにおいて、重要でありながら見過ごされている要因です。
- 代謝物は、微生物ゲノム変異とASD表現型の間の媒介的役割を果たします。
- 微生物ゲノムおよび代謝プロファイルは、ASDの診断とメカニズムの理解を改善する可能性を秘めています。
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