一般、脊椎、および区域神経ブロック:異なる麻酔法は一次股関節および膝関節全置換術における同日退院に影響しますか?
Clayton W Wing1, Behnaz Hatami2, Ahmad T Oseili2
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224.
The Journal of arthroplasty
|December 20, 2025
まとめ
脊椎麻酔(SA)は、全身麻酔(GA)と比較して、同日退院の股関節および膝関節置換術患者の痛みの管理を改善しました。SAは回復に影響を与えることなく、麻薬の使用量と痛みのスコアを減少させましたが、末梢神経ブロックの効果は様々でした。
科学分野:
- 整形外科
- 麻酔科学
- 疼痛管理
背景:
- 同日退院(SDD)プロトコルは、股関節(THA)および膝関節(TKA)全置換術でますます使用されています。
- 麻酔の選択は、SDD関節全置換術患者の急性アウトカムに影響を与える可能性があります。
- 末梢神経ブロック(PNB)は、しばしば補助的に使用されます。
研究 の 目的:
- SDD THAおよびTKA患者における、急性90日アウトカムを対象とした脊椎麻酔(SA)対全身麻酔(GA)の比較。
- SA内でのPNB(THAの場合は傍脊椎ブロック、TKAの場合は内転筋管ブロック)の影響の分析。
- 麻薬使用量、痛みのスコア、歩行能力、入院期間、および合併症の評価。
主な方法:
- 1,002人のSDD THA/TKA患者(SA 868人、GA 134人)の後ろ向きレビュー。
- すべての患者は、多角的鎮痛法と関節周囲注射を受けました。
- 収集されたデータには、術中/術後の麻薬使用量(MME)、痛みのスコア、歩行能力、入院期間、および90日以内の合併症が含まれていました。
主要な成果:
- SAは、GAと比較して、THAおよびTKAの両方で、術中および術後の麻薬使用量(MME)と痛みのスコアを有意に減少させました。
- SA群とGA群の間で、入院期間(LOS)に差は見られませんでした。
- GA下で治療を受けたTHA患者は、90日以内の再入院率が高かった(4.8% vs. 0.3%)。
- SA下のTHA患者における傍脊椎ブロック(PVB)は、術後のMMEと痛みを軽減しました。SA下のTKA患者における内転筋管ブロック(ACB)は、最小限の効果しか示しませんでした。
結論:
- SAは、GAと比較して、SDD THA/TKA患者の術中および術直後の術後疼痛管理において、より優れた効果を発揮します。
- SAは、急性回復のアウトカムに悪影響を与えません。
- PVBはSA下のTHA患者の痛みを適度に改善しますが、ACBは現代の多角的鎮痛法ではSA下のTKA患者の痛みの管理を有意に改善しません。
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