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膀胱がんの罹患率と死亡率:世界的な概観と最近の動向
Adalberto M Filho1, Alberto Briganti2, Ahmedin Jemal3
1Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
European urology
|December 20, 2025
まとめ
膀胱がんの罹患率と死亡率は世界的に大きな格差を示しており、ヨーロッパと北米で最も高い。高所得国では罹患率が低下しているが、タバコ喫煙は住血吸虫症とともに主要な危険因子であり、北アフリカでは住血吸虫症が原因となっている。
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- 疫学
- グローバルヘルス
背景:
- 膀胱がんは、主要な尿路悪性腫瘍であり、世界的な健康問題となっている。
- 膀胱がんの罹患率と死亡率の地理的なばらつきは著しく、最新の分析が必要である。
研究 の 目的:
- 膀胱がんの罹患率と死亡率の現在の地理的なばらつきを記述し、解釈すること。
- 最新の国の推定値と、集団ベースのがん登録および生命統計からのデータを分析すること。
主な方法:
- 185か国を対象としたGLOBOCAN 2022のデータ、およびCancer Incidence in Five ContinentsとWHOのデータベースを利用した。
- 年齢調整率(ASR)を10万人年あたりで算出し、推定年間変化率(EAPC)を用いて時間的傾向を分析した。
主要な成果:
- 2022年には、世界中で推定614,298人の新規症例と220,596人の死亡が発生し、その大部分(75%)は男性であった。
- ヨーロッパ、北米、北アフリカ、西アジアで最も高い罹患率と死亡率が観察された。
- 高所得国では罹患率が安定または低下しているが、多くの集団で死亡率が低下している一方で、一部の地域では上昇傾向が認められている。
結論:
- 膀胱がんは、顕著な地理的および性別による格差を伴う、重大な世界的な健康問題をもたらす。
- タバコ喫煙は、疾患の傾向と一致して、主要な危険因子であるが、住血虫症は北アフリカでの罹患率の上昇に寄与している。
- 特に非浸潤性腫瘍に関するがん登録の実践における潜在的なばらつきのため、罹患率のパターンを解釈するには注意が必要である。
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