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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

366
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants &#8212; Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

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物質使用障害における嗅覚機能障害

Clara U Raithel1, Garrick T Sherman1, David H Epstein1

  • 1National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, 21224, MD, Baltimore, USA.

Psychopharmacology
|December 21, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

物質使用障害（SUD）患者は健常対照群と比較して嗅覚識別能力が低下していた。これは嗅覚機能障害とSUDとの関連を示唆しており、根本的なメカニズムのさらなる解明が必要である。

キーワード:
化学感覚薬物使用嗅覚

さらに関連する動画

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants &#8212; Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 心理学
  • 臨床研究

背景:

  • 嗅覚機能は意欲的な行動にとって重要であり、うつ病やアルコール使用障害（AUD）などの病状で損なわれることがあります。
  • AUD以外の他の物質使用障害（SUD）に対する嗅覚機能の影響は、ほとんど未解明のままです。

研究 の 目的:

  • AUDの診断を受けていない個人における嗅覚能力とSUDとの関係を調査すること。
  • SUDを有する個人と健康な対照群との間の嗅覚パフォーマンスを比較すること。

主な方法:

  • AUDを除くSUDを有する40名と健常対照群112名を対象に、スニフィン・スティックを用いた嗅覚検査（臭い識別および閾値）を実施しました。
  • 線形回帰モデルを用いて、年齢、性別、喫煙状況を考慮してグループを比較しました。

主要な成果:

  • SUDを有する個人は、対照群と比較して有意に低い臭い識別スコアを示しました。
  • グループ間で嗅覚閾値に全体的な有意差は認められませんでした。
  • 探索的分析により、女性では観察されなかったパターンである、SUDを有する男性は男性対照群と比較して嗅覚閾値が低いことが明らかになりました。

結論:

  • SUDを有する個人では嗅覚識別が損なわれており、これらの障害における嗅覚機能障害の潜在的な役割が示唆されます。
  • 嗅覚障害、薬物使用、およびSUDの発症または症候学との時間的関係を決定するには、さらなる縦断的研究が必要です。