大規模言語モデルと音声表現学習による認知症および認知低下検出の強化
Karol Chlasta1,2, Piotr Struzik2, Grzegorz M Wójcik3
1Department of Management in Networked and Digital Societies, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland.
Frontiers in neuroinformatics
|December 22, 2025
まとめ
音声分析を用いた認知低下の検出は、早期の認知症診断に有望です。GPT-4oのような高度なAIモデルと音声特徴を組み合わせることで、軽度認知障害および認知症の予測精度が向上します。
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 人工知能
- 信号処理
背景:
- 認知症は世界的な健康問題となっています。
- 認知低下の早期検出は、適時介入のために不可欠です。
- 自発的音声分析は、非侵襲的な診断アプローチを提供します。
研究 の 目的:
- PROCESS Signal Processing Grand Challenge (ICASSP 2025)のために、音声サンプルから認知低下を予測すること。
- 認知評価のための高度なAIモデルと音声特徴の統合の有効性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- openSMILEのeGeMAPS特徴量、HuBERT(自己教師あり音声表現)、GPT-4o(大規模言語モデル)を使用しました。
- 特徴量をカスタムLSTMおよびResMLPニューラルネットワーク、Scikit-learn回帰/分類器と統合しました。
- 157人の参加者の音声データでモデルをトレーニングし、40人の個別のテストセットで評価しました。
主要な成果:
- LightGBM回帰モデルはRMSE 2.7775を達成し、世界ランキング10位でした。
- LSTM分類モデルは、認知症/MCI/対照群のF1スコア0.5521を達成し、世界ランキング20位でした。
- 提案手法は、ベースラインモデルと比較して認知低下予測において優れていました。
結論:
- 大規模言語モデルと自己教師あり音声表現の統合は、認知低下検出を強化します。
- このアプローチは、早期認知スクリーニングのためのスケーラブルでデータ駆動型の方法を提供します。
- この技術は、神経心理学情報学における将来のアプリケーションをサポートする可能性があります。
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