疲労状態と外部負荷が消防士の短距離走の生体力学に及ぼす影響
Chuangui Mao1, Ziwen Wang1, Xinxin Zhang2
1College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
|December 22, 2025
まとめ
疲労と外部負荷は消防士の短距離走のパフォーマンスと生体力学に悪影響を及ぼす。代償戦略は股関節と足首のパワーを高め、救助活動中の傷害リスクを高める。
科学分野:
- 生体力学
- 労働衛生
- スポーツ科学
背景:
- プロの消防士は、負荷をかけた状態での短距離走を含む、厳しい身体的課題に直面しています。
- 職業上の救助シナリオにおける傷害リスクを軽減するためには、疲労と負荷の生体力学的影響を理解することが不可欠です。
研究 の 目的:
- 短距離走中の消防士に対する疲労と負荷の生体力学的影響を調査すること。
- 職業上の要求に関連する運動の適応と潜在的な傷害リスクを特定すること。
主な方法:
- 16人の消防士が、疲労前および疲労後の状態で、様々な負荷(10〜30 kg)下で20 mの短距離走を実施しました。
- 統計分析には、SPSSおよびSPM1dを使用した二元反復測定ANOVAが含まれていました。
主要な成果:
- 負荷の増加に伴い、歩行速度、歩幅、立脚時間の大幅な低下が観察された。
- 外部負荷は、立脚期における股関節の屈曲/伸展角度とモーメント、および足首のモーメントに有意な変化をもたらした。
- 腹直筋や大腿直筋を含む股関節筋の活性化の増加が認められた。
結論:
- 外部負荷をかけた状態での短距離走は、消防士の歩行指標に悪影響を及ぼします。
- 運動の運動学的戦略には、特に利き足からの股関節と足首の蹴り出しパワーの増加が含まれます。
- 股関節筋の活性化の増加と相まって、これらの適応は傷害リスクの増加に寄与する可能性があります。
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