コンパクトな組織下ムラー干渉計のための回折次数エンジニアリングされた偏光依存シリコンナノアンテナメタグレーティング

A polarization-dependent silicon nano-antennas metagrating (PSNM) is proposed for parallel polarization transformation by engineering diffraction orders, upon which a compact Mueller microscopy system is implemented for subtissue-level polarization extraction. The polarization-dependent metagrating is designed using matrix Fourier optics and nonlinear optimization with four diffraction orders described by waveplate-like Jones matrices, which is encoded by nano-antennas combining geometric and propagation phases. The measured phase delay and orientation of each diffraction order of the metagrating deviate by less than 6.7 % from the design values, and the overall diffraction efficiency reaches 70.89 % with a coefficient of variation of 0.021. A transmissive PSNM Mueller microscopy system is developed by directly embedding the metagrating into an infinity-corrected microscopic optical path, which extracts subtissue-level polarization distributions of biological sections over a 152 μm × 152 μm field of view with reduced measurement redundancy, facilitating the differentiation and staging of pathological tissues for potential stain-free diagnostic applications.