ネパールの高標高放牧地における放牧強度が植生構造と土壌特性に与える影響
Tulasa Chaudhary1, Uttam Babu Shrestha1, Uma Dhungel1
1Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies Kathmandu Nepal.
Ecology and evolution
|December 22, 2025
まとめ
適度な家畜放牧は、植物の多様性と生産性を向上させることにより、ヒマラヤ放牧地に利益をもたらす可能性があります。これらの敏感な高地環境における放牧と生態系の健全性のバランスをとるためには、サイト固有の管理が重要です。
科学分野:
- 放牧地生態学
- 持続可能な土地管理
- ヒマラヤ生態系研究
背景:
- 放牧地の持続可能な管理にとって、放牧の生態学的影響は極めて重要です。
- ヒマラヤ地域における放牧の影響に関する実験データは限られています。
- 放牧地の健全性には、家畜生産と生態系の保全とのバランスが必要です。
研究 の 目的:
- ネパールにおける亜高山放牧地の様々な放牧強度(非放牧、軽度、中程度、高強度)の影響を評価すること。
- 植物の多様性、群集組成、バイオマス、および土壌特性への影響を分析すること。
- 高地における持続可能な放牧地管理のための証拠を提供すること。
主な方法:
- ネパール、ジュムラ地区の3つの亜高山放牧地にわたる野外実験。
- 非放牧(NG)、軽度放牧(LG)、中程度放牧(MG)、高強度放牧(HG)の4つの放牧強度を評価。
- 植物種多様性、群集組成(NMDS)、草丈、バイオマス、および土壌の物理化学的特性を測定。
主要な成果:
- 種多様性は、強く放牧された条件から放牧されていない条件にかけて増加しました。
- 中程度の放牧(MG)区画は、高い多様性と生産性を示しました。
- 草丈とバイオマスは、放牧強度の増加とともに減少しました。標高は負の影響を及ぼしました。
- 非放牧および中程度放牧条件下では、土壌有機炭素と窒素は一般に高く、サイト固有の変動がありました。
結論:
- 結果は中間的攪乱仮説を支持しており、中程度放牧の生態学的利益を示唆しています。
- 放牧の影響はサイト固有であり、適応的で地域的な管理戦略が必要です。
- 調査結果は、ネパールおよび同様の高地地域における証拠に基づいた放牧地管理に役立ちます。
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