脳卒中を呈した鎌状赤血球形質を持つ一例
1Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, LKA.
Cureus
|December 22, 2025
まとめ
スリランカ出身の脳卒中患者で陽性の鎌状赤血球検査により特定された鎌状赤血球形質は、貧血がない場合でも虚血性脳卒中の潜在的な役割を強調し、左椎骨動脈閉塞と関連していた。
科学分野:
- 神経学
- 血液学
- 血管医学
背景:
- 若年成人における脳卒中は、根本原因の調査を必要とする。
- 鎌状赤血球症は血管症を引き起こすことが知られているが、鎌状赤血球形質におけるその役割はあまり理解されていない。
研究 の 目的:
- 鎌状赤血球形質と虚血性脳卒中の潜在的な関連を調査すること。
- 鎌状赤血球形質を有する患者における椎骨動脈閉塞のまれな症例を報告すること。
主な方法:
- 神経学的欠損を呈した41歳男性の症例報告。
- 診断ワークアップには、神経画像検査(CT、MRI)、鎌状赤血血球検査、高速液体クロマトグラフィー、遺伝子解析、CT血管造影検査が含まれた。
- 頭蓋外動脈の狭窄および血流異常の評価を行った。
主要な成果:
- 患者は下位運動ニューロン性顔面麻痺、三叉神経感覚損失、小脳徴候を呈し、当初は脳卒中と診断された。
- 鎌状赤血球検査は陽性であり、HPLCおよび遺伝子解析により確認されたヘモグロビンSの38.2%は鎌状赤血球形質を示していた。
- CT血管造影検査により左椎骨動脈の完全閉塞が明らかになった。これは慢性鎌状赤血球血管症に起因するまれな所見であるが、通常は鎌状赤血球形質では見られない。
結論:
- 鎌状赤血球形質は、流行地域における虚血性脳卒中の見過ごされている原因となりうる。
- 椎骨動脈閉塞を含む頭蓋外動脈症は、鎌状赤血球形質で発生しうる。
- 貧血の有無にかかわらず、流行地域出身の若年脳卒中患者に対する鎌状赤血球症/形質スクリーニングのルーチン化が推奨される。
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