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Language Development

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

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言語発達遅滞のある幼児の脳形態計測：探索的研究

Courtney A Filippi^1,2, Elizabeth Smith³, Elizabeth Redcay⁴

¹Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.

Infant and child development

|December 22, 2025

まとめ

研究者らは、言語発達遅滞（LD）のある幼児と健常発達（TD）の幼児の脳形態を比較検討した。脳全体の大きさの違いは見られなかったが、言語発達遅滞のある幼児では側頭葉皮質の表面積とブローカ野の厚みにわずかな違いが観察された。

キーワード:

middle temporal gyrus neurodevelopmental disorders surface area

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科学分野:

神経科学
発達心理学
小児放射線学

背景:

以前の研究では、特定の小児集団における言語発達遅滞の神経学的相関が特定されていた。
しかし、原因不明の早期言語発達遅滞のある幼児における神経学的相関は、依然として十分に研究されていない。

研究の目的:

早期言語発達遅滞（LD）のある幼児と健常発達（TD）の幼児の脳形態計測の違いを調査すること。
ブローカ野およびウェルニッケ野に焦点を当て、全脳容積、皮質厚、表面積の潜在的な違いを探求すること。

主な方法:

磁気共鳴画像法（MRI）を用いて、LD（n=7）およびTD（n=17）の幼児から脳データを収集した。
探索的解析には、脳容積、皮質厚、表面積を調べる全脳および関心領域アプローチが含まれた。
解析では、年齢を一致させ、後に自閉症と診断された子供を除外した。

主要な成果:

LD群とTD群の間で、顕著な大まかな脳解剖学的差異は検出されなかった。
側頭葉皮質内の皮質表面積、ウェルニッケ野および左側中側頭回を含む領域（Hedges' g = -0.35）に有意な群間差が認められた。
ブローカ野にも皮質厚の違いが観察された。

結論:

この探索的研究は、原因不明の早期言語発達遅滞のある幼児における、微妙で局所的な脳形態計測の違いを明らかにするものである。
本研究の結果は、小児言語発達における将来の仮説駆動型神経画像研究の潜在的な標的を示唆している。
サンプルサイズは小さいものの、本研究は早期言語発達遅滞の神経学的基盤に関する新たな洞察を提供するものである。