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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Published on: June 20, 2014

三価ニッケルによる自発的な中性pH有機酸化を用いた空間分離H2および有機生成物の製造

Bochuan Chen¹, Yuandong Yan¹, Shicheng Yan^1,2

¹Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|December 22, 2025

Abstract:

Water electrolysis faces critical efficiency and cost challenges, primarily due to the high energy demand and low economic value of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). To overcome this limitation, we introduce an innovative electrochemical-chemical sequential strategy that replaces OER with methanol oxidation (MOR). Our decoupled process comprises cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) paired with anodic Ni(OH)₂ oxidation to NiOOH in 1 M KOH electrolyte, followed by spontaneous NiOOH reduction via MOR, selectively generating formic acid (HCOOH) with 95% formic acid Faraday efficiency in neutral electrolyte. Crucially, we developed a scalable bottom-up method to electrochemically prepare the active NiOOH catalyst directly from Ni(OH)₂ particles. This catalyst achieved a HCOOH yield of 48.25 mmol per kg catalyst. Collectively, this strategy establishes an efficient and recyclable pathway for alkaline hydrogen production integrated with high-value formic acid synthesis in neutral media.

キーワード:

電気化学‐化学二段階サイクル中性pH有機酸化空間分離生成物自発反応

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...

Radical Autoxidation

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.