貧栄養の有光層海洋におけるN2O生成への尿素駆動型硝化の寄与
Ting Gu1,2, Zhuo Chen1,2, David A Hutchins3
1Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
The ISME journal
|December 22, 2025
まとめ
尿素は、海洋における古細菌硝化からの亜酸化窒素(N2O)の重要な供給源である。N2O生成への寄与は基質依存性であり、海洋酸性化の影響を受ける。
科学分野:
- 海洋微生物生態学
- 生物地球化学サイクル
- 海洋酸性化
背景:
- アンモニウムは硝化の主要な窒素源であるが、貧栄養海洋では尿素も利用される。
- 硝化中の亜酸化窒素(N2O)生成に対する尿素の寄与は十分に理解されていない。
- 古細菌は海洋環境における硝化の重要な寄与者である。
研究 の 目的:
- 西太平洋熱帯域における基質特異的古細菌硝化および関連N2O生成の定量化とメカニズム解明。
- 海洋酸性化が尿素およびアンモニウム駆動型硝化とN2O生成に及ぼす影響の調査。
- 古細菌アンモニア酸化菌(AOA)による尿素駆動型硝化の地球規模での関連性の評価。
主な方法:
- N2Oアイソトポマープロファイリング
- 15Nトレーサーインキュベーション
- メタゲノミクス
- 酸性化実験
主要な成果:
- 深海層の海洋における微生物N2O源の大部分(69.6%)を古細菌硝化が占めた。
- 尿素駆動型硝化は、基質利用可能性に応じて、全硝化およびN2O生成に大きく(14-41%)寄与した。
- 海洋酸性化は硝化経路を変化させ、尿素酸化を促進し、尿素とアンモニウムの両方からのN2O生成を増加させた。
- メタゲノミクスは、尿素利用性AOAの広範な分布を確認した。
結論:
- 尿素駆動型硝化は、貧栄養海洋域におけるN2Oの重要かつ基質依存的な発生源である。
- 地球システムモデルは、将来の酸性化シナリオにおける海洋硝化とN2Oフラックスを正確に予測するために、pH感受性の収率を考慮して、尿素とアンモニウムの酸化経路を区別する必要がある。
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