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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
696
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

884
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
884
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

377
Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
377
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration E-TTNA for Sampling of Lung Nodules
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Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration E-TTNA for Sampling of Lung Nodules

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脂肪性肺炎：腫瘍性病変のシミュレーション

Andres Felipe Ramirez Medina1, Susana Alvarez1, Juan Bautista Del Valle1

  • 1Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires.

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina)
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

腫瘍を模倣する肺疾患である脂肪性肺炎の診断には注意が必要です。脂肪含有病変と脂質曝露歴を特定することは、肺新生物との鑑別を助け、不要な処置を回避します。

科学分野:

  • 肺学
  • 放射線学
  • 病理学

背景:

  • 脂肪性肺炎は、肺胞への脂質蓄積を特徴とするまれな肺疾患である。
  • その画像上および臨床上の類似性から、肺腫瘍との鑑別が困難な場合がある。

研究 の 目的:

  • 脂肪性肺炎の診断精度を向上させること。
  • 脂肪性肺炎と悪性肺新生物を鑑別すること。

主な方法:

  • 腫瘍が疑われた5例のレトロスペクティブ分析で、CTスキャン（2022-2024年）を用いて評価した。
  • 選択基準：腫瘍学的危険因子および長期の油曝露歴。
  • 断層撮影検査、組織学的所見、および患者の危険因子のレビュー。

主要な成果:

  • 症例は、喫煙や慢性的な油曝露などの危険因子を持つ高齢者（平均年齢78歳）であった。
  • CT所見は、浸潤影、結節、腫瘤、石灰化を伴う空洞など様々であった。
  • 組織病理検査により、脂肪を蓄えたマクロファージに特徴的な、細胞質内空胞が確認された。

結論:

  • 持続的な肺陰影、特に脂質曝露歴のある高齢者では、脂肪性肺炎を考慮すべきである。
キーワード:
肺炎脂質肺炎肺新生物

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  • CTでの脂肪減弱および詳細な患者歴は、正確な診断に不可欠である。
  • 脂肪性肺炎と腫瘍を鑑別することは、不要な侵襲的処置を防ぐことができる。