深層トランスフォーマーの訓練可能性を予測する信号伝播の幾何学的ダイナミクス
Aditya Cowsik1, Tamra Nebabu2, Xiaoliang Qi1
1Stanford University, Department of Physics, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Physical review. E
|December 23, 2025
まとめ
訓練可能な深層トランスフォーマーの初期化のための新しい基準を提案する。我々の手法は、信号伝播と勾配ダイナミクスを分析し、テスト損失の最小化のための最適なハイパーパラメータ設定に関連する秩序-カオス遷移を特定する。
科学分野:
- 深層学習
- 人工知能
- ニューラルネットワークアーキテクチャ
背景:
- 深層トランスフォーマーは強力であるが、信号伝播と勾配ダイナミクスの問題により訓練が困難である。
- ランダムな初期化は、しばしば勾配の爆発または消失につながり、効果的な学習を妨げる。
研究 の 目的:
- 深層トランスフォーマーにおけるハイパーパラメータ初期化のための幾何学的に意味のある基準を開発すること。
- 順伝播と逆伝播を分析することにより、深層トランスフォーマーの訓練可能性を保証すること。
主な方法:
- 深層のランダムに初期化されたトランスフォーマーにおける順信号伝播と勾配逆伝播を調査した。
- トークンベクトルをトランスフォーマー層を進化する粒子として扱うダイナミカルな視点を利用した。
- アンサンブル平均された幾何学的更新方程式を導出し、相転移を分析した。
主要な成果:
- 順信号伝播(トークン角度)における秩序-カオス相転移を特定した。
- 逆伝播における勾配爆発/消失間の遷移を観察した。
- 位相境界と2つのリャプノフ指数(トークン角度と勾配指数)を導出した。
結論:
- トークン角度指数と勾配指数の同時消失は、ハイパーパラメータ初期化のための単純な基準を提供する。
- これらの基準は、テスト損失の最小化と相関しており、より安定した効果的な深層トランスフォーマーの訓練への道を示唆している。
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