公衆衛生
Rebecca J Solch-Ottaiano1, Madison Prats1, Malaika Subramanian1
1Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
まとめ
長期的な地中海食(MeDi)の順守は、西洋食(WD)と比較して老化ラットの認知機能を改善した。食事が原因で腸内細菌叢が経時的に変化し、特定の細菌が15.5ヶ月齢での認知機能と関連していた。
科学分野:
- 神経科学および老化研究
- マイクロバイオームおよび腸の健康
- 栄養科学および認知機能
背景:
- 食事パターンは、認知機能低下およびアルツハイマー病のリスクに大きく影響する。
- 西洋食(WD)はリスク増加と関連しているが、地中海食(MeDi)はリスク減少と関連している。
- 食事によって調節される腸内細菌叢は、これらの影響を媒介する可能性があるが、研究期間は様々であり、結果に影響を与える。
研究 の 目的:
- 老化ラットにおけるMeDiとWDの経時的な認知機能への影響を調査すること。
- 時間経過に伴う腸内細菌叢組成への食事の影響を分析すること。
- 食事によって誘発される微生物の変化と認知機能との潜在的な関連を特定すること。
主な方法:
- 雄のFischer344ラットを、長期間のMeDiまたはWDのいずれかにランダムに割り当てた。
- 3.5ヶ月齢、9.5ヶ月齢、15.5ヶ月齢でモリス水迷路(MWM)を用いて認知機能を評価した。
- 糞便サンプルを採取し、16S rRNA配列決定を用いて腸内細菌叢組成をプロファイリングした。
主要な成果:
- 3.5ヶ月齢と9.5ヶ月齢では有意な認知機能の差は認められなかった。; 15.5ヶ月齢では、MeDi食を与えられたラットはMWM潜時が有意に短く、学習および記憶の改善を示した。; 3.5ヶ月齢までに、食事が原因で区別される腸内細菌叢の組成が現れ、時間とともにActinobacteria、Desulfobacterota、Firmicutesに顕著な変化が見られた。Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes比は、3.5ヶ月齢と15.5ヶ月齢でMeDiラットの方が低かった。
結論:
- 認知機能に対する食事の影響は時間依存性であり、有意な影響は長期曝露(15.5ヶ月齢)でのみ観察された。
- 加齢と食事期間は、腸内細菌叢の分類群に微妙だが進行性の変化を引き起こした。
- 認知機能の変化と一致する15.5ヶ月齢での特定の差次的豊富細菌は、食事関連の認知状態の潜在的な微生物バイオマーカーを表す。
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