公衆衛生
1University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
まとめ
アルツハイマー病および関連認知症(ADRD)のMedicare受益者の薬剤アクセス改善は、医療費全体の削減につながります。処方薬へのアクセスが容易になると、Medicareの総支出とPart D薬剤の自己負担費用が削減されます。
科学分野:
- 老年医学
- 医療経済学
- 医薬品経済学
背景:
- 薬剤および医療へのアクセスと、Part B、Part D、および自己負担処方薬費用を含む総Medicare費用との関係を検証します。
- アルツハイマー病および関連認知症(ADRD)と診断された65歳以上のMedicareの定額払い(FFS)受益者に焦点を当てます。
研究 の 目的:
- Medicare ADRD患者における医療費に対する薬剤および日常的な医療へのアクセスがどのように影響するかを調査すること。
- アクセス障壁に関連するPart B、Part D、および自己負担費用などの特定の費用ドライバーを特定すること。
主な方法:
- 医療提供者および患者評価調査(CAHPS)の2018年、2019年、2021-2022年の連結データおよびMedicare受益者概要ファイルを利用しました。
- 一般化線形モデル(対数正規分布およびガンマ分布を使用)を用いて、偏りのある費用データを管理し、調査ウェイトと州の固定効果を組み込んで横断的分析を実施しました。
- 過去6か月間に処方薬を入手する容易さに関する自己申告尺度を通じて薬剤アクセスを評価しました。
主要な成果:
- 処方薬へのアクセスが容易になったことは、総Medicare費用(係数 = -0.08、p = 0.001)、Part D費用(係数 = -0.20、p = 0.002)、およびPart D自己負担費用(係数 = -0.08、p = 0.019)の有意な低下と関連していました。
- 薬剤へのアクセスはPart B費用に有意な影響を与えませんでしたが、日常的な医療機関へのアクセスが容易になったことは、Part B費用(係数 = 0.183、p = 0.003)および自己負担Part B費用(係数 = 0.223、p = 0.002)の増加と関連していました。
- 社会的に脆弱な地域にいるADRF FFS患者は、有意に低いPart B費用(係数 = -0.78、p = 0.001)を示しました。
結論:
- 必要な薬剤へのアクセスを改善することは、ADRD患者の医療費を管理するために不可欠です。
- 薬剤アクセスが容易になると処方薬費用は削減されますが、日常的なケアへのアクセスを確保すること(医師のオフィスで投与されるPart B薬剤を含む)は、認知症ケア管理にとって不可欠です。
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