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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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基礎科学と病態生理

Donghoon Lee1

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

この研究では、アルツハイマー病やパーキンソン病などの神経変性疾患における共通の分子変化を明らかにし、治療標的を特定した大規模なヒト脳の単一細胞アトラスを作成した。

キーワード:
単一細胞アトラス神経変性疾患アルツハイマー病パーキンソン病分子メカニズム治療標的

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • ゲノム科学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 神経変性疾患および神経精神疾患は、重大な公衆衛生上の課題を提示する。
  • これらの複雑な脳障害の分子基盤の理解は限られている。

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒト背外側前頭前野（DLPFC）の集団規模の単一細胞転写アトラスを生成すること。
  • アルツハイマー病（AD）、パーキンソン病（PD）、統合失調症を含む様々な脳疾患の病因に関するより深い洞察を得ること。

主な方法:

  • 1,494人のユニークなドナーから630万核以上を含む単一細胞転写アトラスを生成した。
  • 神経正常対照群と8つの一般的な脳疾患を有する個体間の転写変異を分析した。

主要な成果:

  • DLPFCにおける実質的な個体間遺伝子発現変動を同定した。
  • 疾患全体にわたる基本的な細胞機能に関連する普遍的な転写シグネチャを明らかにした。
  • 神経細胞シナプス伝達の変化に関連するAD、びまん性レビー小体型認知症（DLBD）、血管性認知症（Vas）、PD間の強い遺伝的および転写的コンコーダンスを実証した。
  • AD特異的な転写変異を特徴づけ、介在ニューロン、免疫細胞、血管細胞の役割を強調し、深層興奮性ニューロンとの関連を特定した。

結論:

  • 開発されたアトラスは、神経変性疾患および神経精神疾患の転写ランドスケープに関する新たな視点を提供する。
  • 神経免疫血管系を含む共有および固有の分子プロセスに光を当てた。
  • 脳疾患の潜在的な治療標的を特定した。