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Primary Healthcare Services01:30

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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公衆衛生

Yujiro Kuroda1,2, Kazuaki Uchida1, Yoko Yokoyama1

  • 1National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.

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まとめ

運動、栄養、認知トレーニングを含む多領域認知症予防プログラムは、2つの都市で実現可能であり、受け入れられることが示された。このプログラムは、肯定的な結果と地域社会への実装への適応性を示した。

キーワード:
認知症予防多領域介入地域社会実現可能性運動栄養認知トレーニング

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科学分野:

  • 老年医学と公衆衛生
  • 神経科学と認知エイジング

背景:

  • 認知症予防は、革新的な地域ベースの介入を必要とする重要な公衆衛生上の課題である。
  • 運動、栄養、認知トレーニング、社会的関与、血管リスク管理を組み合わせた多領域プログラムが、実現可能性のためにパイロット調査された。

研究 の 目的:

  • 2つの異なる地域社会の設定における多領域認知症予防プログラムの実現可能性と受容性を評価する。
  • インストラクターのトレーニングや参加者の登録戦略を含む、パイロット調査の結果と地域のニーズに基づいて介入を適応させる。

主な方法:

  • O市(n=80、年齢65~86歳)での1アーム試験では、実現可能性を≥60%の出席率で定義した12ヶ月プログラムを評価した。
  • 構造化された登録プロトコルを用いて、H町で改訂された6ヶ月基本+6ヶ月継続プログラムを実施した。
  • 認知機能(MoCA-J)と食事の多様性を評価し、参加者の受容性と継続の意向を測定した。

主要な成果:

  • O市では、出席基準を満たした割合は75%で、受容度(4.4/5)は高く、認知機能スコアは安定しており、食事の多様性は有意に改善した(p=0.008)。H町では、改訂プログラムに19人の参加者が登録し、70%以上が参加継続の意向を示した。プログラムは、異なる実施モデルや地域社会の文脈において適応性を示した。
  • O市では、出席基準を満たした割合は75%で、受容度(4.4/5)は高く、認知機能スコアは安定しており、食事の多様性は有意に改善した(p=0.008)。H町では、改訂プログラムに19人の参加者が登録し、70%以上が参加継続の意向を示した。プログラムは、異なる実施モデルや地域社会の文脈において適応性を示した。

結論:

  • 多領域認知症予防プログラムは、地域社会の設定で実現可能であり、受け入れられ、地域のニーズや実践に適応可能である。
  • 本研究結果は、認知機能および健康上の利点を confirmed するための将来的な対照研究が必要であり、プログラムの広範な地域社会への影響の可能性を支持する。
  • 認知症予防イニシアチブのスケールアップには、洗練された募集およびフォローアップ戦略が不可欠である。