公衆衛生
Jenna Rajczyk1, James Burke1, Jeffrey Wing1
1Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
まとめ
2020年の遠隔医療拡大により、ブロードバンドアクセスのある地域ではアルツハイマー病および関連認知症(ADRD)の診断が増加した可能性があります。これは、遠隔医療がメディケア受給者のADRD診断率を改善できることを示唆しています。
科学分野:
- 老年医学; 公衆衛生; 医療サービス研究
背景:
- 人口の高齢化は、診断されていないアルツハイマー病および関連認知症(ADRD)のリスクを高めます。; 診断サービスの利用可能性の制限は、ADRDの診断不足に寄与します。; ブロードバンドアクセスに依存する遠隔医療の拡大は、ADRD診断サービスの利用可能性を改善する可能性を提供します。
研究 の 目的:
- 2020年のメディケア・メディケイド・サービスセンター(CMS)による遠隔医療拡大が、郡レベルでのADRD診断有病率に与える影響を調査すること。; この影響を、ブロードバンドの利用可能性に関連して、定額報酬(FFS)受給者間で検討すること。
主な方法:
- 拡大前(2016-2017年)と拡大後(2021-2022年)の期間を比較する郡レベルの生態学的差分二重差分(DID)デザインを使用しました。; ADRD有病率はCMSデータを使用して推定され、ブロードバンドの存在は連邦通信委員会(FCC)の基準によって定義されました。; 負の二項回帰モデルを使用して、ブロードバンドアクセスのある郡におけるADRD有病率に対する遠隔医療拡大の影響を評価し、農村性を潜在的な修飾因子としました。
主要な成果:
- 調査期間全体でADRD有病率は11.06%から7.15%に減少しました。; ブロードバンドの利用可能性は、郡の70.35%から91.96%に増加しました。; 拡大後、ブロードバンドのある郡では、拡大前と比較して、ブロードバンドのない郡よりもADRD有病率が2.48%高くなりました。
結論:
- 予備的な調査結果は、CMSによる遠隔医療拡大が、ブロードバンドのある地域におけるADRD診断有病率にプラスの影響を与える可能性があることを示唆しています。; ADRD検出の改善は、ブロードバンド装備郡における遠隔医療へのアクセスに関連している可能性があります。; ADRD有病率の全体的な低下は、おそらくCOVID-19パンデミックに関連しており、さらなる調査が必要です。
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