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Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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公衆衛生

Wei Ye1, Kate Jun2, Ying Liu1

  • 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

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まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

慢性疾患と人種/民族を使用して、Medicareデータは効果的に認知症および軽度認知障害(MCI)のリスクを予測します。このアプローチは、記憶の訴えがない個人を特定するのに役立ちます。

キーワード:
Medicare認知症軽度認知障害リスク要因公衆衛生人種民族慢性疾患健康格差高齢者

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科学分野:

  • 老年学、公衆衛生、データサイエンス

背景:

  • 認知症のリスク要因は確立されており、認知機能評価が必要な個人を特定できます。Medicareの管理データは、その広範な使用により、リスクのある個人を特定するユニークな機会を提供します。この研究では、認知症および軽度認知障害(MCI)の予測を評価するために、Medicareデータ内でLancet Commissionのリスク要因を運用化しました。

研究 の 目的:

  • Medicareの管理データから運用化されたリスク要因を使用して、認知症およびMCIの予測可能性を評価すること。Lancet Commissionのリスク要因のうち、Medicare請求データで効果的に利用できるものを特定すること。管理データと人口統計情報を使用した認知機能障害の予測精度を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • 診断コードを使用して10の慢性疾患を運用化しました。喫煙の代理としてCOPDを使用しました。地理的情報を使用して教育レベルを近似し、MedicareデータをHealth and Retirement Study(HRS)の調査回答とリンクさせました。2000年から2014年までのデータを使用して認知機能障害の予測モデルを開発および検証し、2016年のデータで検証しました。曲線下面積(AUC)によってパフォーマンスを評価しました。

主要な成果:

  • 年齢と性別は、AUC 0.7305で認知症を予測しました。慢性疾患を追加すると、AUCは0.7867に改善しました。人種/民族を含めると、併存疾患とは無関係に、認知症予測のAUCは0.8300にさらに増加しました。個人の教育レベルは予測値を示しましたが(AUC 0.8627)、請求データでの欠如は実用的な使用を制限しました。地理的な教育指標は有意に寄与しませんでした。MCI予測のAUCは0.7193でした。

結論:

  • Medicareの管理データは、認知症およびMCIのリスクを正確に予測できます。人種/民族は認知リスクの独立した予測因子であり、疾患管理、社会的または遺伝的要因を反映している可能性があります。健康の社会的決定要因データをMedicare請求と統合すると、認知機能障害の検出能力が向上します。