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Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
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公衆衛生

Tracy Lam-Hine1, Michelle C Odden1, Bryan D James2,3

  • 1Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

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PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

米国における人種混淆群の成人における主観的認知低下(SCD)の有病率は高く、アメリカンインディアン/アラスカ先住民の成人と同等である。増加する人種混淆群の人口における認知障害格差を理解するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。

キーワード:
公衆衛生認知低下人種民族格差疫学高齢者米国

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科学分野:

  • 老年学
  • 公衆衛生
  • 疫学

背景:

  • 増加する米国の人種混淆群の人口における認知症および認知障害の有病率は不明である。
  • 主観的認知低下(SCD)は、記憶低下の自己申告による指標であり、認知症リスクの代理として機能する。
  • 本研究は、人種混淆群の成人における全国的なSCD有病率を他の人種グループと比較することを目的とした。

研究 の 目的:

  • 米国の人種混淆群における主観的認知低下(SCD)の有病率を決定すること。
  • 人種混淆群の成人を含む、さまざまな人種および民族グループ間でのSCD有病率を比較すること。
  • 多様な集団における認知低下指標の潜在的な格差を特定すること。

主な方法:

  • 2019年から2023年までの行動リスク因子監視システム(BRFSS)のデータ分析、50歳以上の成人723,000人以上を含む。
  • 参加者は、白人、黒人、アメリカンインディアン/アラスカ先住民(AIAN)、アジア人、ハワイ先住民/太平洋諸島民(NHPI)、その他、人種混淆群、およびヒスパニックの人種グループに分類された。
  • 加重調査デザインとロジスティック回帰により、複雑なサンプリング、年齢、性に合わせて調整し、有病率推定値を計算した。

主要な成果:

  • SCDの全体的な粗有病率は12.8%であり、アメリカンインディアン/アラスカ先住民(AIAN)成人(18.2%)および人種混淆群の成人(17.4%)で最も高い割合が観察された。
  • 年齢および性で調整したSCD有病率は、AIAN成人(16.5%)および人種混淆群の成人(15.6%)で最も高く、次いでヒスパニック(13.0%)および黒人成人(11.9%)であった。
  • アジア人(9.4%)および白人(10.9%)成人は、調整後のSCD有病率が最も低かった。

結論:

  • 本研究は、人種混淆群の人口におけるSCD有病率の最初の全国推定値を示しており、AIAN成人と同様の高い割合を示唆している。
  • 限界としては、公に入手可能なBRFSSの人種データに制限があるため、人種混淆群のカテゴリを細分化できないことが挙げられる。
  • 今後の研究では、人種混淆群の人口における認知障害の格差を調査し、標的を絞った予防介入を開発するために、臨床データを利用する必要がある。