外来種の拡散
Phillip J Haubrock1,2, Ali Serhan Tarkan3,4, Irene Martín-Forés5,6
1Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK.
Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|December 24, 2025
まとめ
人間の活動は地球規模の種の再分布を推進しており、広範な生物学的侵入につながっています。このレビューは、さまざまな生態系における外来種の拡散に影響を与える生態学的、進化的、および人為的要因を統合しています。
科学分野:
- 生態学
- 環境科学
- 保全生物学
背景:
- 地球規模の種の再分布は、人新世の顕著な特徴です。
- 生物学的侵入は、世界中の生物多様性、生態系機能、および種の相互作用を著しく変化させます。
研究 の 目的:
- 外来種の拡散を推進する生態学的、進化的、および人為的なメカニズムを統合すること。
- さまざまな分類群や領域にわたる外来種の拡散ダイナミクスを調べること。
- 侵入拡散に影響を与える主要な現象を評価し、予測方法を概説すること。
主な方法:
- 外来種の拡散に関する既存の研究を統合する文献レビュー。
- 生態学的、進化的、および人為的な要因のシステム横断的およびスケール横断的な分析。
- 侵入前線、アレー効果、および生物学的相互作用などの現象の評価。
主要な成果:
- 分散、募集、定着は、空間的および時間的スケールで相互作用して拡散を促進します。
- 環境変化、景観特性、および生物学的相互作用は、侵入ダイナミクスを調節します。
- 拡散は、拡散モデルからAIまでのさまざまなツールを使用して測定および予測できます。
結論:
- 外来種の拡散を理解することは、効果的な政策と管理のために不可欠です。
- 包括的な統合は、生物学的侵入に関する理論的および実践的な知識を進歩させます。
- 種の侵入という地球規模の課題に対処するには、学際的なアプローチが不可欠です。
関連する概念動画
Distribution and Dispersion
24.0K
To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
24.0K
Threats to Biodiversity
26.4K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
26.4K
Population Growth
27.7K
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
27.7K
Gene Flow
37.3K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
37.3K
Formation of Species
44.5K
Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
44.5K
Habitat Fragmentation
20.9K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
20.9K


