基礎科学と病態生理
Sally A Frautschy1,2, Kapil Manglani2,3, Xiaohong Zuo1,4
1Veterans Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 24, 2025
まとめ
SARS-CoV-2スパイクタンパク質は、ラットにおいてアルツハイマー病(AD)の病態と補体活性化を悪化させ、特に高血圧またはApoE4が存在する場合に顕著である。これは、リスクのある集団におけるパンデミック後の神経症状の潜在的なメカニズムを強調するものである。
科学分野:
- 神経科学; 免疫学; 病理学
背景:
- 持続性症状(パンデミック後)は、COVID-19生存者の7%に影響を与える。
- SARS-CoV-2スパイクタンパク質はACE2受容体に結合し、補体経路を活性化する。
- パンデミック後の患者は、ADバイオマーカーと神経炎症の上昇を示す。
研究 の 目的:
- 高血圧とApoE4がアルツハイマー病(AD)ラットモデルにおけるS1スパイクタンパク質応答を調節する効果を調査すること。
- スパイクタンパク質曝露とAD病理、白質損傷、補体活性化との関連を調べること。
主な方法:
- ADおよび混合AD(脳小血管疾患を伴うAD)ラットモデル(ApoE4あり/なし)を利用した。
- 組換えS1タンパク質を投与し、実行機能、AD病理、白質損傷、補体活性化を評価した。
- ラットモデルおよびヒト神経COVID患者における血管および中枢神経系補体活性化のためのハイスループット血漿アッセイを開発した。
主要な成果:
- S1タンパク質は、ApoEまたは高血圧とは無関係に、アミロイド病理、ptau217、および補体活性化(C3、C5b-9)を増加させた。
- 高血圧とApoE4は、スパイク誘発性血管病理と白血球接着を悪化させる上で相乗効果を発揮した。
- スパイクタンパク質は、既存の高血圧によって増強された実行機能障害、白質損傷、および補体活性化を誘発した。
結論:
- スパイクタンパク質は、AD病理と補体活性化を強力に増加させ、既存のADおよび血管疾患を持つラットにおいてシナプス喪失と血液脳関門の損傷を引き起こす。
- これらの発見は、併存疾患を持つ高齢者人口の相当な部分に関連する。
- 神経COVID補体活性化のスケーラブルなアッセイの開発は、治療戦略に役立つ可能性がある。
関連する概念動画
Infection
11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis
676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection
64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K


