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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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基礎科学と病態生理

David Garcia1, Shivam Rajendra Rai Sharma2, Naomi Saito2

  • 1University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

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PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

機械学習を用いたアルツハイマー病（AD）研究では、ヒスパニック系と非ヒスパニック白人個人のアミロイドβプラーク密度の違いが示されている。この研究は、ADの精密医療における多様なコホートの必要性を強調している。

キーワード:
アルツハイマー病アミロイドβ機械学習精密医療人種病理コホート神経病理学神経画像

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科学分野:

  • 神経病理学
  • 神経画像
  • 機械学習

背景:

  • アルツハイマー病（AD）を有するヒスパニック系個人に関する剖検研究は限られている。
  • 機械学習（ML）モデルは、神経病理学のスケーラブルな定量化を提供する。
  • ADの異質性を理解するためには、多様なコホートが不可欠である。

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒスパニック系死亡者（HD）と非ヒスパニック白人死亡者（NHWD）におけるアミロイドβ（Aβ）沈着密度の評価。
  • MLを用いた3つの脳領域におけるAβプラーク密度の比較。
  • Aβ沈着と人口統計学的および病理学的相関の特定。

主な方法:

  • HD（n=92）およびNHWD（n=185）の前頭葉、側頭葉、頭頂葉皮質におけるAβ沈着密度（CAA、コア、びまん性プラーク）を比較。
  • デジタル化された全スライド画像（WSI）に対する検証済みMLパイプラインを利用。
  • グループ間で年齢と性別を2:1のマッチング比で用い、研究センターを調整した。

主要な成果:

  • ヒスパニック系死亡者は、側頭葉灰白質において脳アミロイド血管症（CAA）密度が1.71倍高かった。
  • ヒスパニック系死亡者は、前頭葉および頭頂葉白質において、非ヒスパニック白人死亡者（NHWD）と比較してコアプラーク密度が低かった。
  • 研究センター間でAβ密度の有意な差が観察された。

結論:

  • 本研究は、Aβ定量化のためのMLパイプラインを検証する。
  • ヒスパニック系個人と非ヒスパニック白人個人との間で、Aβ沈着における類似点と相違点の両方を明らかにする。
  • ADの精密医療において、多様なコホートと一般化可能な知見の必要性を強調する。