在宅医療ケアにおけるフォローアップ通話音声および電子健康記録データを用いた軽度認知障害の検出

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias often remain undiagnosed in home health care, where early symptoms are rarely documented in electronic health records (EHRs). The current study aimed to develop and evaluate a speech-based screening algorithm for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using routine follow-up calls.

Speech data were collected from brief, semi-structured follow-up calls between nurse assistants and patients, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) interviews, and structured EHR data (Outcome and Assessment Information Set [OASIS]). Machine learning models were trained on these modalities individually and in combination. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic and secondary metrics.

Among 114 participants, the multimodal model combining follow-up call speech and OASIS variables achieved the best performance (AUC = 91.03), outperforming models based on CDR interviews (AUC = 80.67), follow-up calls alone (AUC = 81.09), and OASIS alone (AUC = 78.53). Patients with MCI showed greater comorbidity burden, higher rates of dual eligibility, and lower health literacy compared with cognitively healthy participants.

Speech collected from routine follow-up calls, when combined with structured clinical data, can enhance early detection of MCI in home health care. This multimodal, low-burden approach leverages existing care coordination workflows and holds promise for scalable cognitive screening in diverse, aging populations.