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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Quantitative Examination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Aggregates Using ATP-utilization Commercial Assays and Live/Dead Staining

Quantitative Examination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Aggregates Using ATP-utilization Commercial Assays and Live/Dead Staining

Published on: February 8, 2019

リピート性淋菌感染症の診断率と関連特性、性感染症サーベイランスネットワーク、2016年～2022年

Christina M Schumacher, Roshani Fernando¹, Tiago Rampe²

¹California Department of Public Health.

Sexually transmitted diseases

|December 24, 2025

要旨

Background:

Individuals with multiple gonorrhea diagnoses (repeat-GC) may be a key group for STI prevention. We determined repeat-GC rates and associated characteristics by sexual orientation/gender identity within seven jurisdictions in the STI Surveillance Network.

Methods:

We constructed a retrospective cohort of randomly-sampled, interviewed GC cases using enhanced surveillance data (01/01/2016-12/31/2021) and followed cases until the first repeat-GC date (diagnosis > 30 days after the interview-associated diagnosis) or 12/31/2022. We applied design weights with post-stratification adjustment for non-response by sex and age and calculated repeat-GC rates. We performed Poisson regression adjusted for follow-up time accrued during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess differences across characteristics.

Results:

Among 21,743 interviewed individuals representing 577,719 gonorrhea diagnoses, 46.8% were men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM), 21.6% men-not-reporting-male-partners, 30.9% women, and 0.7% transgender/gender-diverse persons (TG/GD). Repeat-GC rates per 1,000 person-years were: MSM: 182.3 (95% Confidence Interval (CI):173.8-191.0); men-not-reporting-male-partners: 64.5 (CI:58.2-71.7); women: 47.7 (CI:43.4-52.6) and TG/GD: 73.3 (CI:46.3-115.8). Repeat-GC was associated with prior gonorrhea diagnosis (past 12 m) [aIRR MSM: 1.58 (CI:1.42-1.75); men-not-reporting-male-partners: 1.37 (CI:1.01-1.84); women: 1.59 (1.24-2.02)]. Among MSM, repeat-GC was associated with an initial rectal [aIRR: 1.24 (CI:1.12-1.36)] or pharyngeal [aIRR: 1.14 (CI:1.04-1.25)] infection (versus other infection sites). Men-not-reporting-male-partners [aIRR: 1.57 (CI:1.18-2.12)] and women [aIRR: 1.92 (CI:1.11-3.30)] living with HIV (versus not) had higher rates.

Conclusions:

Characteristics associated with repeat-GC (prior gonorrhea diagnosis, HIV status, anatomic site of infection) are available through routine STI surveillance and could be used to prioritize individuals for routine follow-up services and/or novel interventions to prevent repeat-GC.

キーワード:

疫学淋菌感染症リピート性感染症サーベイランス

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