臨床所見
Joel Ramirez1,2, Vincent N Marraffino3, Oshin Vartanian4,5
1Dr. Sandra E. Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
まとめ
カナダ空軍の航空士は、対照群と比較して白質高信号(WMH)の割合が高く、軽微な認知機能障害と関連している。これらの所見は、職業的ストレスが航空士の脳の健康に影響を与える可能性を示唆している。
科学分野:
- 神経科学; 航空医学; 放射線医学
背景:
- 軍用航空士は、認知機能障害を引き起こす可能性のある極度の生理学的ストレス(G力、低酸素症)に直面しています。以前の研究では、白質高信号(WMH)が米国空軍パイロットの認知機能低下と関連していることが示されていました。この研究では、カナダ空軍(RCAF)航空士におけるWMHの有病率と認知相関を調査しました。
研究 の 目的:
- RCAFの戦闘機パイロットおよび航空士におけるWMHの有病率を決定すること。WMHおよび拡大した血管周囲腔(PVS)と神経認知パフォーマンスとの関係を調べること。軍用航空士の脳の健康に対する職業的ストレスの影響を評価すること。
主な方法:
- RCAF職員を対象に、脳MRI(3T)および包括的な神経認知評価を実施しました。検証済みのアルゴリズムを使用して、WMHおよびPVSの容積を定量化しました。WMHおよびPVSの容積を対照群と比較し、認知機能との関連を回帰モデルを使用して分析しました。
主要な成果:
- RCAF航空士は、対照群と比較して有意に高いWMH容積を示しました(497.62mm³対158.58mm³)。高パフォーマンスの飛行時間は、PVS容積の増加と相関していました(r=0.352、p=0.022)。WMHは、語彙、短期視覚記憶、ワーキングメモリ更新のスコア低下と関連していました。
結論:
- RCAF航空士は対照群よりもWMHの負担が大きいことを示しており、潜在的な脳血管の変化を示唆しています。飛行ストレスに起因する可能性のあるWMH容積の増加は、軽微な神経認知障害と相関しています。今後の研究では、これらの影響を理解するために、神経学的損傷の血液バイオマーカーを調査する予定です。
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