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関連する概念動画

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

23.7K
DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

3.8K
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
3.8K
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

6.4K
Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

6.0K
In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

4.8K
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
4.8K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion
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Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion

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ヘリカーゼの拡散運動に対する連続時間ランダムウォークモデル

Victor Rodríguez-Franco1, Michelle Marie Spiering2, Piero Bianco3

  • 1Small Biosystems Lab, Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer de Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

QRB discovery
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

DNAヘリカーゼは分子モーターである。それらの運動を分析すると、一時停止状態が機能と効率にとって重要であることが明らかになり、これらのDNA処理酵素の理解が進む。

キーワード:
DNA生物学的反応速度論生体分子システム拡散動力学と機能ヘリカーゼ磁気および光学ピンセット分子機械ランダムウォーク単一分子

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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

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A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
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A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

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関連する実験動画

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Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion
09:17

Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion

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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

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A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
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A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 生物物理学
  • 生化学

背景:

  • DNAヘリカーゼは、ヌクレオチド加水分解を用いてDNAを解きほぐす必須の分子モーターである。
  • それらの正確なメカニズムと効率を理解することは、DNA複製と修復を理解する上で重要である。

研究 の 目的:

  • 3つの異なるDNAヘリカーゼ（gp41、RecQ、RecG）のメカノケミカルサイクルを特徴づける。
  • 一時停止状態とモーター効率の役割を高度な生物物理学的技術を用いて調査する。

主な方法:

  • 磁気および光学ピンセットを使用して、DNAヘアピン上のヘリカーゼの運動を追跡した。
  • 速度と拡散係数を分析するために連続時間ランダムウォークフレームワークを採用した。
  • さまざまな力とATP条件下でのモーター効率を測定した。

主要な成果:

  • 研究対象のすべてのヘリカーゼにとって、本質的なオフパスウェイの一時停止状態を特定した。
  • RecGヘリカーゼは、gp41およびRecQとは異なり、上り坂操作中に高い効率を示した。
  • 拡散係数の測定は、熱力学的不確実性とモーター効率に関する洞察を提供した。

結論:

  • 一時停止状態は、ヘリカーゼ活性において調節的な役割を果たす可能性がある。
  • ヘリカーゼの効率は、その機能（解きほぐし対巻き戻し）および動作条件によって大きく異なる。
  • 変動の分析は、分子モーター活性のより包括的な特徴付けを提供する。