バージニア州のZIPコード集計地域におけるCOVID-19と社会的脆弱性
Parthay H Patel1, Nikhil Amin2, Bhaumik Patel3
1School of Business, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
Cureus
|December 25, 2025
まとめ
バージニア州のCOVID-19有病率は、地域の人種構成、所得、混雑度と関連していた。構造的な不平等を反映したこれらの人口統計学的要因は、社会的脆弱性の重要な指標であり、公衆衛生上の意思決定に役立つ可能性がある。
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生;疫学;健康の社会的決定要因
背景:
- バージニア州におけるCOVID-19有病率の人口統計学的決定要因の後ろ向きレビュー。2020年5月15日から2020年8月6日まで、同州初のCOVID-19ピーク時に収集されたデータ。バージニア州保健局（VDH）のデータを利用した。
研究 の 目的:
- COVID-19症例と社会経済的変数との関連を調べること。様々な社会経済的要因と疾患有病率との関係を理解すること。バージニア州におけるCOVID-19の蔓延に影響を与える人口統計学的決定要因を特定すること。
主な方法:
- バージニア州の保健計画地域（VHPR）内のバージニア州ZIPコード集計地域（VZCTA）ごとのCOVID-19症例と社会経済的データの分析。多変量回帰分析とピアソン相関を用いた。地域の人種・民族構成、世帯収入の中央値、世帯の混雑度を調査した。
主要な成果:
- COVID-19の有病率は北部地域で最も高く、南西部地域で最も低かった（p < 0.05）。地域の人種/民族構成（黒人/ヒスパニック系）、世帯収入の中央値、世帯の混雑度は、有病率の有意な予測因子であった。多変量解析では、強い相関が示された（全体R = 0.612、北部VHPR R = 0.903）。
結論:
- 地域の人種・民族構成は、構造的な不平等とCOVID-19に対する社会的脆弱性の代理として機能する。本研究の結果は、より小さな人口単位内での公衆衛生計画における社会的脆弱性の重要性を強調する。本研究の結果は、社会的脆弱性に基づいたワクチン配布と保健政策に関する重要な意思決定を導くことができる。
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