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関連する概念動画

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

960
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

456
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
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Introspection01:29

Introspection

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Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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失敗に対する認知と認識の改善:概念的レプリケーション研究

Tanmay Sinha1

  • 1National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Frontiers in psychology
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

成長マインドセットと効用価値の原則を組み合わせた介入の後、学生は学習目標と間違いに対する態度を改善した。このアプローチは、失敗を学習機会として再構築するのに役立つが、能力に関するより深い信念についてはさらなる検討が必要である。

キーワード:
失敗目標志向成長マインドセット学習デザイン効用価値

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科学分野:

  • 教育心理学、学習科学

背景:

  • 失敗はしばしば学生によって否定的に認識され、学習に対する動機付けの障壁となる。成長マインドセットと効用価値の概念を統合することで、失敗に対する学生の態度を高めることができる可能性がある。

研究 の 目的:

  • 成長マインドセットと効用価値の原則を組み合わせたものが、失敗に対する学生の傾向に及ぼす影響を調査すること。学生の学習目標志向、間違いに対する態度、能力に関する信念、および失敗の効用に対するパイロット介入の影響を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • 単一群前後デザインを用いた概念的レプリケーション研究。介入には、シンガポールの68人の中学生が、予測・説明サイクルと失敗談の再構築を用いて参加した。学生の傾向の変化を評価するために、混合法分析が用いられた。

主要な成果:

  • 学生の学習目標志向と間違いに対する態度は、有意に改善された(効果量大)。能力に関する信念と失敗の効用については、有意な改善は見られなかった(効果量小〜中)。介入は、教育的影響を受けにくい領域で急速な変化を示した。

結論:

  • 成長マインドセットと効用価値の原則を組み合わせることで、失敗に関する学生の即時の認識と目標に肯定的な影響を与えることができる。教育者は、失敗に対するより良い認知と認識を育むために、反省と代理学習を含む、繰り返し意味を形成する機会を設計すべきである。能力に関連するより深い認知的傾向と失敗の認識された効用に対処するためには、さらなる介入が必要となる可能性がある。