活性T細胞は細胞外タンパク質を分解してエフェクター機能を強化する
Yunxue Yin1, Xiaorong Lin1, Linlin Li1
1Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Cell reports
|December 25, 2025
まとめ
細胞外タンパク質は活性T細胞にアミノ酸を供給し、免疫応答をサポートする。TFE3によって制御されるこの経路は、抗ウイルスおよび抗腫瘍免疫に不可欠である。
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
- 代謝
背景:
- 細胞外タンパク質は、体液中の豊富なアミノ酸源である。
- T細胞免疫における細胞外タンパク質分解の役割は不明確である。
研究 の 目的:
- 細胞外タンパク質異化がT細胞活性化と免疫にどのように影響するかを調査する。
- この経路を制御するTFE3の役割を解明する。
主な方法:
- invitroおよびinvivoでのT細胞活性化を研究した。
- Tfe3の遺伝的除去を利用した。
- リソソーム遺伝子発現、mTORC1シグナル伝達、およびT細胞機能を分析した。
- 異なる年齢の肺がん患者からの腫瘍浸潤T細胞を調べた。
主要な成果:
- 活性T細胞は、エンドサイトーシスされた細胞外タンパク質をアミノ酸源として利用し、mTORC1活性とサイトカイン産生を維持する。
- Tfe3欠損は細胞外タンパク質異化作用を障害し、mTORC1シグナル伝達を低下させ、T細胞の抗ウイルスおよび抗腫瘍応答を損なう。
- 高齢の肺がん患者の腫瘍浸潤T細胞は、リソソーム機能とサイトカイン分泌の低下を示し、これはVismodegibによって回復可能である。
結論:
- リソソームを介した細胞外タンパク質異化は、T細胞免疫をサポートする主要な代謝経路である。
- TFE3-タンパク質-mTORC1軸は、効果的なT細胞応答に不可欠であり、老化およびがんにおける臨床的意義を持つ。
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