The effect of orthodontic extraction protocol on vertical skeletal relationships: A retrospective study

Martina Ferrillo1, Kieran Daly2, Nikolaos Pandis3

  • 1Dentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.

International orthodontics
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

Orthodontic extractions, including two upper premolar (UPE) or four first premolar (FPE) extractions, do not significantly alter vertical skeletal relationships. Mandibular plane angle and anterior facial height changes are primarily linked to pre-treatment measurements.