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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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臨床症状

Ping-Hsiu Lin1, Jacqueline Wesson2, Minal Tanvir1

  • 1Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

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PubMed
まとめ

日常生活動作(IADL)のコンピュータ化された測定値は、客観的な評価に有望ですが、心理測定法の妥当性の重大なギャップが、それらの広範な臨床的利用を妨げています。

科学分野:

  • 老年学および認知科学;健康情報学およびデジタルヘルス;心理測定学および測定科学

背景:

  • 日常生活動作(IADL)は自立した生活に不可欠であり、その障害はしばしば認知機能の低下を示します。従来のIADL評価(質問票、パフォーマンスベース)には、報告バイアスやリソース集約性などの限界があります。コンピュータ化されたIADL測定値は、機能的能力の客観的かつ効率的な評価の可能性を提供します。

研究 の 目的:

  • 公開されているコンピュータ化されたパフォーマンスベースのIADL測定値を体系的に特定および説明すること。特定されたコンピュータ化されたIADL測定値の既存の心理測定特性をレビューおよび合成すること。COSMINチェックリストを使用して、心理測定特性の証拠の質を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • PRISMAガイドラインに従って、複数のデータベース(PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane、PsycINFO、CINAHL)で体系的な文献検索を実施しました。2段階の検索戦略:最初に測定値を特定し、次に心理測定特性を報告する研究を見つけました。Health Measurement Instrumentsの選択のためのコンセンサスベース標準(COSMIN)チェックリストを品質評価に使用しました。

主要な成果:

  • 50のコンピュータ化されたIADL測定値が特定され、40の研究で心理測定特性について26が評価されました。この分野の研究は成長しており、研究の50%以上が過去5年間に発表されました。構成概念妥当性が最も頻繁に評価されましたが、測定値の半数は不十分な構成概念妥当性を示しました。信頼性と内的整合性のデータは限られており、他の心理測定領域には重大なギャップがありました。

結論:

  • コンピュータ化されたIADL評価は、効率的かつ正確な評価の可能性を秘めた発展途上の分野です。測定誤差、異文化間妥当性、基準関連妥当性、および反応性などの重要な心理測定特性に関する重大な研究ギャップが存在します。臨床的採用には、多様な人口集団および心理測定領域にわたるさらなる厳密な妥当性評価が不可欠です。
キーワード:
日常生活動作コンピュータ化された測定値心理測定法の妥当性認知機能障害神経心理学的検査

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