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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
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In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation01:10

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In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
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Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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薬物開発

Vishal Shivaji Patil1, Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta1, Sanjiv Singh1

  • 1National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
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PubMed
まとめ

新規プテロスチルベン(PTE)ナノエマルゲル製剤は、血管性認知症(VaD)モデルにおいて認知機能を効果的に改善した。この送達システムは脳内バイオアベイラビリティを高め、VaD治療のための有望な戦略を提供する。

科学分野:

  • 神経科学; 薬理学; バイオテクノロジー

背景:

  • 血管性認知症(VaD)は、アルツハイマー病に次ぐ認知機能低下の主要な原因です。プテロスチルベン(PTE)は、その抗酸化作用と抗炎症作用により、VaDの治療の可能性を示しています。PTEの溶解性とバイオアベイラビリティの低さは、臨床応用を制限します。

研究 の 目的:

  • 脳への送達を強化するためのプテロスチルベン(PTE)の新規ナノエマルゲル製剤を開発すること。PTEの溶解性とバイオアベイラビリティの低さという限界を克服すること。血管性認知症のラットモデルにおけるナノエマルゲルの有効性を評価すること。

主な方法:

  • 鼻腔内投与用のプテロスチルベン(PTE)負荷ナノエマルジョン(PNE)およびそれを熱応答性粘膜接着性ナノエマルゲル(PNEG)に変換する製剤化。PNEGの物理化学的特性、粘膜接着性、および薬物放出の特性評価。in vitro細胞毒性および細胞取り込み研究、続いて両側総頚動脈閉塞(BCCAO)によって誘発されるVaDのラットモデルにおけるin vivo有効性評価。

主要な成果:

  • PNEGは、最適な粒子サイズと強力な粘膜接着性を含む、良好な物理化学的特性を示しました。in vivo研究では、PNEおよびPNEGで治療されたVaDラットにおいて、有意な認知機能の改善が実証されました。PNEGは、SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1経路を調節することにより、酸化ストレス、アポトーシス、および神経炎症を効果的に減少させました。

結論:

  • プテロスチルベンナノエマルゲル(PNEG)は、血管性認知症の有望な治療戦略を表します。この製剤は、従来のPTE送達の限界に対処し、脳内バイオアベイラビリティを強化します。PNEGは、標的化された神経保護と認知保持を通じて、VaD管理の改善の可能性を提供します。
キーワード:
血管性認知症プテロスチルベンナノエマルゲル脳送達認知機能薬物開発神経保護

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