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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

8.3K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

78.6K
Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
78.6K
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

6.9K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
6.9K
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

10.2K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
10.2K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

154.8K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
154.8K
Transcription01:17

Transcription

32.3K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
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Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

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デザイナーRNAナノ構造体のヒト細胞核内での共転写および自己集合

Xu Chang1, Maciej Jeziorek2, Qi Yang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.

Nature communications
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは、ヒト細胞への核内送達のための自己集合RNAナノ構造体を開発した。これらの遺伝子コード化されたナノネットは、高度な生物学的応用のため、プログラム可能な幾何学的形状と局在化を提供する。

キーワード:
RNAナノ構造体自己集合核内送達遺伝子コード化合成生物学

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Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
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Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

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Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
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科学分野:

  • 合成生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 核酸ナノ構造体を用いた細胞プロセスとのインターフェースおよび調節は困難である。
  • 真核細胞への合成ナノ構造体の核内送達および保持は大きなハードルである。

研究 の 目的:

  • 遺伝子コード化された自己集合RNAナノ構造体のプラットフォームを発表すること。
  • それらの共転写生産、核内集合、および生きたヒト細胞内での機能統合を実証すること。

主な方法:

  • 単一鎖RNAの共転写フォールディングによる定義されたナノ構造体（リング、リボン、ナノネット）の形成。
  • 原子間力顕微鏡を用いたin vitroでの検証。
  • 蛍光アプタマーおよびRNAセンシング機能の機能統合。
  • 共焦点ライブセルイメージングおよび透過型電子顕微鏡を用いた生きたヒト細胞でのin vivoでの実証。

主要な成果:

  • in vitroで検証されたプログラム可能な幾何学的形状（リング、リボン、ナノネット）を持つRNAナノ構造体の形成。
  • 生きたヒト細胞の核内でRNAナノネットの共転写生産および自己集合に成功。
  • 核内で明確なナノ構造パターンが維持されていることを実証。
  • ナノ構造内にアプタマーおよびセンシング機能を組み込んだ機能統合。

結論:

  • 遺伝子コード化された自己集合RNAナノ構造体システムを確立した。
  • プログラム可能な幾何学的形状および核内局在化能力を実証した。
  • 生きた細胞および組織における生物学的特性を研究するためのRNAベースのナノデバイスの基礎を提供した。